THE DICOTYLEDONS 575 
ORDER UMBELLALES OR UMBELLIFLORZ& 
This order includes the Ginseng Family (Araliacee) repre- 
sented by Ginseng, Spikenard, and Virginian Sarsaparilla, the 
Umbellifere or Parsley Family which contains Fennel, Anise, 
Coriander, Caraway, Poison Hemlock, Water Hemlock and 
other medicinal plants, and the Dogwood Family (Cornacea) 
which includes the Dogwoods and Sour Gum. All of these 
families agree in usually possessing inflorescences consisting of 
umbels and flowers with an inferior ovary and a single whorl of 
stamens. 
ARALIACE OR GINSENG FamiLy.—Herbs, as Ginseng (Panax 
quinquefolium), English Ivy (Hedera Helix), Wild or Virginian 
Sarsaparilla (Aralia nudicaulis), etc., undershrubs (Aralia hispida, 
etc.), shrubs, as Bristly Sarsaparilla (Fatsia horrida), or trees, as 
Hercules Club (Aralia spinosa), with stems which are more or less 
hollow along internodes and solid at nodes. Leaves alternate, 
varying from simple to trifoliate or to multipinnate (tropical 
Aralias) or passing by telescoping into compound-palmate. 
Leaves serrate-margined and along with stem they develop 
volatile oil, resin and gum contents in secretion reservoirs. 
Inflorescence varying from a raceme of umbels to a raceme and 
even to condensed racemose umbels. Flowers regular, generally 
pentamerous, small, generally inconspicuous, green, greenish- 
yellow to rarely white, usually hermaphrodite but sometimes 
polygamous or dioecious; sepals five, rarely four; petals five, 
rarely four, often greenish to greenish-yellow, occasionally white, 
seldom pink in color; stamens varying from indefinite to ten to 
commonly five, opposite sepals, and, like sepals, epigynous in 
insertion; anthers versatile; pistil occasionally fifteen- to ten-, 
usually five-carpellate; ovary as many celled with one or rarely 
two pendulous ovules in each cavity; styles distinct ending in 
knob-shaped stigmas. Fruit a berry. Seeds albuminous, with a 
single seed coat. 
OrrFiciAL DruG PART UsEpD BOTANICAL ORIGIN HABITAT 
Aralia Rhizome and Aralia racemosa Eastern United 
(Spikenard) — roots States and 
Canada 
