576 PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY 
UnorFiciAL Druc | Part UsEep BorANnICAL ORIGIN HABITAT 
Aralia Nudicaulis Rhizome Aralia nudicaulis Eastern United 
: States and 
Canada 
Aralia Spinosa - Bark Aralia spinosa Eastern United 
States 
American Ginseng Root Panax quinquefolium North America 
Chinese Ginseng Root Panax Ginseng E. Asia 
Panax Repens Rhizome Panax repens Japan 
UMBELLIFER& OR ParsLEY Famity.—Herbs (Anise, Fennel, 
Sweet Cicely, Poison Hemlock, etc.), rarely shrubs, often of 
rapid growth, and with upright, fistular (hollow at internodes, 
solid at nodes), often grooved and ridged stems. Leaves alter- 
nate, compound and usually much divided, exstipulate, but with 
expanded sheathing and flattened leaf base (pericladium), that 
ensheathes the stem. Inflorescence a simple or often compound 
umbel surrounded by an involucre of bracts or of bracteoles. 
Flowers small, pentamerous, with inferior ovary and superior 
floral parts. Sepals minute, tooth-like, inserted above inferior 
ovary, or absorbed. Petals small, usually yellow to white, rarely 
pink to purple, distinct, each with inflexed tip. Stamens five, 
epigynous, inserted below a nectariferous, epigynous disc, 
incurved in bud. Carpels two, fused into bicarpellate pistil. 
Ovary two-celled, with one pendulous ovule in each cell, ovarian 
wall traversed by oleoresin canals; styles two, distinct above the 
nectar disc or stylopod. Fruit a dry, splitting fruit or cremocarp, 
that splits lengthwise into two mericarps which hang for a time 
by a forked carpophore. Seeds single in each mericarp, 
albuminous, each with a single seed coat. 
OrriciAL DruG Part Usep BorANICAL ORIGIN HAsirat 
Anisum Ripe fruit Pimpinella Anisum ) Asia Minor, Egypt 
Oleum Anisi Volatile oil Pimpinella Anisum t Ade Greece 
Methyl ether of | Pimpinella Anisum 
Ancthol |p jest vulgare 
penyl phenol 
Foeniculum Ripe Fruit Feeniculum vulgare ? Mediterranean 
Oleum Feeniculi —- Volatile oil Foeniculum vulgare a 
Rhizome and Ferula Sumbul or Asia 
Sumbul ba other closely 
related spp. of 
Ferula having a 
musk-like odor 
