ECOLOGY 629 
When they attempt to escape through the place where the 
margins of the blade meet, they find the conical teeth prevent 
their egress. ‘They die in the trap, and when the latter are forced 
open and examined a couple of weeks later they only contain 
the chitinous skeleta. 
Tue PircHer PLANtTs 
The pitcher plants are for the most part found in bogs. 
Their main representatives belong to the genera Heliamphora, 
Sarracena, Darlingtonia, Nepenthes and Cephalotus. The pitcher 
itself represents the hollowed out midrib of the leaf in the first 
four named genera and an inpouching of the leaf in the last © 
named genus.- 
Heliamphora’ is represented by a single species (H. nutans) 
which is only found on and around the base of Mount Roraima, 
between British Guiana and Venezuela. Here it flourishes in 
widespreading dense tufts in wet places where the grass is short. 
It has a rosette of red-veined pitcher-leaves and delicate white 
flowers raised high on red-tinted stems. Along the entire length 
of the pitcher are 2 broad wings. The pitcher itself represent a 
hollowed out midrib which is tubular in shape, becoming grad- 
ually broader from base to mouth and ending in a small lid. 
Over the entire outside of the leaf are nectar glands and upward 
directed hairs. The nectar glands secrete a sweet fluid which 
entices insects so that this surface can be termed the alluring 
surface. Nectar glands also occur on the inner surface of the lid. 
Next, the upper one-third to one-half of the inner surface of the 
pitcher is covered with downwardly projecting hairs and nectar 
glands. This surface can be called the attractive and conducting 
surface. A smooth surface follows, which in turn is succeeded 
by a detentive surface in the lower part of the pitcher, composed 
of mostly smooth-walled cells, a few of which bear short hairs. 
Sarracenia! is represented by 7 species all of which are con- 
fined to Eastern North America except Sarracenia purpurea, which 
extends west to Western Minnesota and West Central Canada. 
_ Their pitchered leaves are of varying form and color design, 
‘Macfarlane: Sarraceniacee in Engler, Das Pflanzenreich, 34 Heft, (iv, 110) 
39 pp., 1908. 
