ECOLOGY 635 
One of the largest pitchers found in this group is that of 
Nepenthes Rajah, a species found on Mount Kina Balu along the 
north coast of Borneo at an altitude of 5000 feet. It has leaves 
which, exclusive of petioles, are 18 inches long, and the pitchered 
portion is 6 inches in diameter and 12 inches in length with a 
circumference of 19 inches. The lid is 10 inches long and 8 
inches broad. ‘The pitchers rest on the ground in a circle. 
The color of the pitchers is deep purple. The color of the lid 
portion is lavender, shading to green at the edges. One pitcher 
noted by Spenser St. John’ held 4 pint bottles. 
The lower surface of the petiole, lamina and the whole 
external surface of the tendril and pitcher are covered with 
alluring nectar glands. ‘These alluring glands also occur along 
the stem. Their secretion entices insects to the pitcher mouth or 
lid. Around the mouths of the pitchers of nearly all of the 
species is a corrugated rim on which are parallel ridges, which are 
usually extended as teeth that are inclined downward into the 
pitcher cavity. The surface of this rim is smooth and polished, 
so affording a poor foothold for insects. Around this rim, in the 
region of the teeth, are the openings of deeply sunken, marginal 
glands which pour forth a very sweet nectar, attractive to insects. 
The inner surface of the lid is usually dotted with attractive 
glands. : 
In many species of Nepenthes, the entire inner surface of the 
pitcher cavity constitutes the detentive surface. Itislined witha 
smooth epidermis that is uniformly studded with glands which 
secrete a digestive juice containing a proteolytic ferment and 
absorb the soluble products of digestion. In many others the 
upper surface of the cavity is smooth, forming a conducting 
surface, while the lower one-half or one-third is alone detentive. 
Insects lose their foothold on the conducting surface and fall 
into the watery secretion at the bottom of the pitcher. 
Cephalotus has but one species, C. follicularis, which is native to 
swamps of South West Australia. It has short creeping rhizomes 
which produce annually one set of 5 foliage leaves and later a set ~ 
of pitcher leaves which rest on damp soil. The pitchers exter- 
nally are equipped with winged ridges which provide a handy 
1 St. John, S.: Life in the Forests of the Far East, 1: 334, 1863. 
