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636 PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY 
means of ascent to the mouth for creeping animals, while their 
lids are half-closed and mottled with white areas and purple 
veins and are often mistaken for flowers by high flying insects. 
In minute details of structure the pitchers are surprisingly like 
those of Sarracenia and Nepenthes. ‘The exterior of the stalk is 
studded with alluring glands. The margin of the pitcher is 
corrugated and inflexed, and all over this area and exterior of 
corrugation as well as on the inner lid surface are an abundance 
of honey glands (attractive surface). Just inside of the margin 
is a circular shelf-like ingrowth consisting of downward-directed 
cells which resemble the conductive surface of Sarracenia. The 
remainder of the inner surface constitutes the detentive surface. 
At the bottom of the pitcher on either side are two beautiful 
crimson to crimson-claret patches. ‘These have sunk in them 
huge, many-celled glands which have a fibrovascular bundle 
terminating in their base. The glands secrete an acid digestive 
juice which partly dissolves the animal captives. A_ viscid 
secretion partly fills the pitcher cavity. ; 
As to relations of the pitchers of these several types of curiou 
plants to animals, it may be said that insects, spiders, etc., are 
attracted to the plants partly by the brilliant colors of their 
pitchers and partly by the nectar drops exuded by honey glands. 
They make their way to the exterior of the lid (or appendage in 
Darlingtonia) where the secretion along the outer margin is 
plentiful. From here they move to the inner surface of the lid 
and sip the honey. Tempted further by the sight of nectar 
ahead and often by hairs pointing downward, they step inside 
the pitcher on to the conducting surface. Upon reaching this 
surface they waver, slip off and fall into the lower part of the 
pitcher which is the water holding region. They make numerous 
attempts to escape but find exit impossible on account of the 
downward-projecting hairs. They drown in the liquid and. 
their bodies are either decomposed or digested by a digestive 
juice secreted by glands lining the lower portion of the pitcher 
cavity. 
The animals caught by these pitcher plants are various. 
While insects constitute their chief prey, slugs, spiders and rodents 
have been recorded by observers as having been captured by a 
