ECOLOGY 637 
number of them. Burbidge’ observed several Nepenthes in 
North Borneo visited by a small rodent, which, while perched on 
the margins of the pitchers bends its head and neck and scoops 
out the caught insects and devours them. The same writer 
states that if it attempted such action with WN. bicalcarata, the 
Fic. 480.—Nepenthes Edwardsiana. (From St. John’s “Life in the Forests of the Far 
East.’’) 
two sharp spurs with which the pitcher of this species is provided 
catch it by the neck and tumble it into the pitcher. 
Macfarlane? has carefully observed the relations of Mepenthes 
to animals. He states in part that “running insects such as ants 
and cockroaches are their principal prey. Cockroaches run up 
the stem and may pause to sip nectar from the alluring stem 
glands. Reaching the base of the leaf, they may pass along it, 
* Burbidge: Gard. of Sun, pp. 40-344, 1880. 
* Macfarlane: Nepenthacez, in Engler, Das Pflanzenreich, 36 Heft., 88 pp., 
1908, 
