734 PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY 
RuA’pHE.—See Raphe. 
Ru1’zoms.—Absorption organs of certain plants that are analogous with roots of 
higher plants but which consist of outgrowths of epidermal cells. 
Ruizome’.—A creeping underground stem. 
Ru’zomorpHs.—Root-like structures composed of united hyphz and seen in 
certain fungi. 
Ris.—A prominent vein or ridge. 
Rin’Gent.—Applied to the corolla of a bilabiate type whose throat is pent and 
lips separated. 
RipA’R10us.—Growing along the banks of rivers or other water-courses, 
Roserte’.—A cluster of leaves or other organs. 
Ros’TRATE.—Beaked. 
RosTEL’LuM.—A process found on the column of orchid flowers which supports the 
disks of the pollinia. 
Ro’rATE.—Wheel-shaped. 
Rotunp’.—Rounded in outline. 
Ru’Fous.—Brownish-red. 
Rucosr’.—Wrinkled. 
Ru’MINATE.—Applied to the albumen of certain seeds when the perisperm is found 
coursing through the endosperm in irregular fashion. 
Run’cinATE.—Applied to a pinnately-cleft leaf whose lobes are directed backward 
as in the Dandelion. 
Run’NER.—A stem or branch which roots at intervals as it trails along the ground. 
Sac’cATe.—Pouch-like. 
Sac’IrTATE.—Arrow-shaped. 
SAMA’RA.—A winged fruit. 
SAP’/ROPHYTE.—An organism that lives upon decaying or dead organic matter. 
Sar’cocarp.—The fleshy portion of a drupe or other fruit. 
Sca’BRous.—Said of leaves, etc., that are rough or harsh to the touch. 
ScALAR’IFORM.—Applied to trachez or tracheids whose walls show transversely 
arranged bars, resembling the rongs of a ladder. 
ScaAn’DENT.—Climbing. 
Scape.—A naked peduncle arising from a root or underground stem. 
Sca’R1ous.—Dry and membranous. 
Scuiz’ocarp.—A fruit that separates when mature into 2 or more indehiscent 
parts. 
Scuizoc’eNnous.—Said of intercellular-air-spaces or of reservoirs that are formed 
by the breaking down of the middle lamella of cells where several come to- 
gether and the later separation of the cells at these places. 
Scr’on.—A shoot intended for grafting. 
ScLEREN’CHYMA.—A tissue composed of stone cells, fibers or both. 
ScLERO’T1uM.—A hardened mass of mycelium, - 
Scor’pior.—Applied to certain cymes whose flowers are situated on alternate 
sides of the floral axis. 
ScuTEL’LuM.—A shied-shaped portion of the conten of Graminea, which absorbs 
nourishment from the endosperm during germination and bales it out to the 
rest of the embryo. : 
Sec’unpinE.—The outer coat of the ovule. 
Seep.—A fertilized and matured ovule containing an embryo. 
