100 



A MANUAL OF THE PENICILLIA 



(Raper and Fennell, 1946). Penicillin X is of particular interest from a 

 chemical standpoint. 



Fig. 32. Simple and effective apparatus and technique used for ultraviolet irradia- 

 tion of Penicillium spores. (After Raper and Fennell, Jour. Bact. 47, 1946.) 



Chemistry 



The chemistry of penicillin has been very thoroughly investigated by 

 numerous chemists in university, government, and industrial laboratories 

 collaborating under the joint supervision of the Committee on Medical 

 Research (OSRD, Washington, D. C.) and the Medical Research Council 

 (London). The intense interest was engendered primarily by the belief, 

 held during the early days of commercial production, that the enormous 



