18 A MANUAL OF THE PENICILLIA 



and proposed to move into Carpenteles all Penicillia producing sclerotioid 

 perithecia which tardily develop asci. Very few workers consider the 

 suggested changes desirable at present. 



Citromyces Wehmer, in Beitr. z. Kennt. einh. Pilze I, pp. 1-92, Taf. I and 

 II. Hannover and Leipzig, 1893. Discussed by Westling, Arkiv for 

 Bot. 2: 41. 1911; by Sopp, Monogr., p. 184. 1912; by Thorn, U. S. 

 Dept. Agr., Bur. Anim. Ind., Bui. 118, p. 23. 1910; and The Penicillia, 

 1930; and Biourge, Monogr., La Cellule 33: pp. 32, 265, 331. 1923. 



Wehmer proposed to separate into the genus Citromyces, penicillate 

 species in which conidiophores originated as branches of vegetative hyphae 

 and developed a vesicle-like swelling at the apex upon which a single ver- 

 ticil of sterigmata was produced. The sterigmata did not differ from those 

 of typical Penicillia, and unbranched chains of conidia were produced. No 

 perithecia were described, but aggregations of hyphae suggestive of some 

 form of fruit body were mentioned in the description of C. pfefferianus. 

 The forms under observation by Wehmer produced citric acid by the fer- 

 mentation of sugar solutions, hence the name. Citric acid production has 

 been sho\vn by Tiukow (1931) and others to be a very general biochemical 

 activity among several groups of molds rather than a particular charac- 

 teristic of these species. The arguments for the name are not convincing. 



All efforts to obtain the exact strains used in describing Wehmer 's 

 two species failed, although the general morphology represented is readily 

 found in many forms in our Collection. 



Species of Citromyces have been described by Sopp (1912), Bainier 

 and Sartory (1912, 1913), Maze and Perrier (1904), Pollacci (1916), and 

 mentioned or discussed by many others, especiallj^ in connection with 

 biochemical or technological studies. No one, however, can collect a 

 large number of these organisms without finding that every gradation from 

 the conidial apparatus of Citromyces to Penicilliimi may be found. Among 

 forais obviously nearly related, some might easily fall in one genus, some 

 another. Thom (1930) followed Biourge in dropping the generic name. 



Clonostachys Corda, in Prachtflora, p. 31, Taf. XV. 1839. Type species: 



C. araucaria Corda. 



Corda's diagnosis included: Mycelium creeping, continuous (?); stalks 

 erect, simple, continuous, verticillately branched above; each branch 

 bearing 2 or more superimposed verticils of 4 sterigmata each at successive 

 nodes; sterigmata (ramuli) subulate with apex subcapitate, bearing spores 

 spirally, forming a kind of spike; spores unicellular, with walls hyaline 

 and contents curved around a central globule. 



