138 A MANUAL OF THE PENICILLIA 



agar surface, ripening quickly in most strains; reverse ranging from color- 

 less or nearly so in some strains through yellow-orange to definitely red in 

 others; ascospores as described above. 



Species description centered upon van Beyma's type isolated from tea 

 roots in Buitenzorg, Java, and now maintained in our collection as NRRL 

 707. A strain, presumably type, received in May 1946, from the Centraal- 

 bureau as Carpenteles javanicum (v. Beyma) Shear differs only in producing 

 smaller perithecia-like structures and in its failure to develop ascospores 

 within four weeks. The species is represented by numerous additional 

 strains isolated at this laboratory from soil samples collected in sub-tropical 

 areas including Brazil, Central America, India, and Northern Argentina. 

 Among these latter may be listed: NRRL 2078, isolated in December 1945 

 from a sample of soil contributed by Dr. O. G. Lima, Recife, Brazil; and 

 NRRL 2079 isolated from a sample of soil sent to us by Dr. B. B. Mundkur, 

 New Delhi, India. A second strain received from the Centraalbureau in 

 May 1946, as an isolate of Carpenteles javanicum from "Toba" heather, 

 represents a member of the Penicillium javanicum series but more nearly 

 approximates P. brefeldianum Dodge. 



In our experience conidia and sterigmata average a little smaller than 

 van Beyma's and asci are regularly 8-spored rather than 4- to 6-spored as 

 noted by him. He did not report any irregularities in the spore surface 

 nor give any indication of an equatorial line or furrow. Otherwise the 

 description as presented above is in satisfactory agreement with the original 

 species diagnosis published by van Beyma in 1929. 



Penicillium parvum Raper and Fennell, in Mycologia40: 508-511, 



fig. 1. 1948. 



Colonies on Czapek's solution agar growing very restrictedly, attaining 

 a diameter of 1.5 to 2.0 cm. in two weeks and 3 to 4 cm. in four to five weeks, 

 raised 1 to 2 mm., sometimes folded or wrinkled (fig. 37A), consisting of a 

 very tough close-textured mycelial felt with surface consisting of a thin 

 growth of fine aerial hyphae appearing somewhat floccose, mostly in white 

 through flesh to dull yellow shades, becoming deeper and somewhat vin- 

 aceous in age, penicilli usually lacking (see description on hay agar); in- 

 cipient perithecia (appearing as semi-sclerotioid masses of thick-walled 

 parenchyma-like cells) developing within two to three weeks, spherical to 

 oblong or slightly angular, yellow in color, buried deep in the mycelial felt, 

 failing to produce asci and ascospores even within four to five weeks (see 

 hay agar below) ; exudate usually abundant in rich brown shades becoming 

 deep purple-brown in age; odor lacking or indistinct; reverse at first in 

 vinaceous fawn shades becoming deep maroon in age. 



Colonies on steep agar restricted but growing more rapidly thar above, 



