MONOVERTICILLATA 141 



Species description based upon NRRL 2095 as type, isolated in July 1945 

 from a sample of soil from Nicaragua contributed by Dr. A. G. Kevorkian. 



The binomial, PenicUlium parvum, was selected because of the minute 

 character of the penicilli, conidia, and ascospores. PeniciUmm minutum 

 would have constituted a more suitable name, but the describers refrained 

 from adopting this because of Bainier's prior use of the name Citromyces 

 minutus (Bui. Soc. Myc. France 29: 137-144, PI. IV, fig. 3. 1913) for an 

 apparently strictly conidial form. 



PenicUlium parvum is believed to be more nearly related to P. javanicum 

 van Beyma than to any other described species. It resembles the latter 

 in producing colonies marked by a rich reddish brown pigmentation in re- 

 verse; in showing strictly monoverticillate penicilii liorne on short branches; 

 and in developing perithecia, at first sclerotioid in character, which subse- 

 quently ripen from the center outward. It differs from this species in its 

 more restricted growth upon all media, particularly upon Czapek's solution 

 agar; in the smaller dimensions of conidial structures and parts of the same; 

 in the more delayed ripening of its perithecia; and, particularly, in the char- 

 acter of its ascospores. These are consistently smaller, more conspicuously 

 roughened, and show more strongly developed equatorial ridges and fur- 

 rows. The species is represented, at present, by a single strain, which at 

 one time was considered merely as an extreme variant of P. javanicum. 

 However, differences in rate of growth and details of morphology, between 

 this culture and typical strains of P. javanicum, seemed to warrant recogni- 

 tion of a new species. 



PenicUlium parvum is apparently favored by a culture substrate of high 

 osmotic tension. It grows better upon all substrata as these dry out in the 

 cuhure plate or tube, producing conidial structures on most media only in 

 marginal areas of aging cultures. The production of penicilli upon sporu- 

 lation agar to which a high concentration of XaCl has been added affords 

 additional evidence. Growth of the fungus upon Czapek's solution agar 

 is increased when the sugar concentration is raised to 20 per cent. 



PenicUlium brefeldiamon Dodge, in Mycologia 25: 90-104, figs. 1 and 2, 

 Pis. 18 and 19. 1933; see also Emmons, in Mycologia 27: 145, figs. 



13a and b. 1935 

 Synonym: Carpenteles hrefeldianum (Dodge) Shear, in Mycologia 26: 107. 

 1934. 



Species diagnosis fide Dodge (fig. 38) : 



"Mj-celium and conidial masses variously colored depending first on the particular 

 race and second on the nature of the culture medium, whitish, cream, peach, fawn, 



