GENERIC DIAGNOSIS AND SYNONYMY 25 



are commonly assigned to the genus Spicaria. Conidial structures 

 are typically freely branched, often in whorls, and ma}' present the general 

 aspect of a Verticillium. Relationship to Penicillium lilacinwn Thorn 

 through forms such as Spicaria violacea Abbott is strongly suggested. 

 Oilman and Abbott (1927) assigned to Spicaria the whole series which 

 we would put in Paecilomyces. 



Siysanus, in Sopp Monogr., pp. 78-79, 1912, is designated as a subgenus of 

 Penicillium. Biourge (1923) follows Sopp in considering these forms 



to be related. 



The species studied by Sopp produced Penicillium-like conidiophores, 

 sterigmata, and conidia. He, therefore, argued that the fact that the 

 separate conidiophores diverged from a column of hyphae, or for a part of 

 their course formed such a column, did not warrant separation from the 

 genus Penicillium any more than the coremia produced by Penicillium 

 glaucum (P. expansum) upon apples warrants its exclusion from Peni- 

 cillium. Sopp especially noted similarities of Acaulium fulvum and A. 

 violacemn to Stysanus stemonitis and predicted that Siysanus as a genus 

 would eventually disappear in Penicillium. 



In our culture experience, species of Stysanus have dark to almost black 

 cell walls and differ so markedly in general aspect as to suggest relation- 

 ships widely divergent from Penicillium. Nevertheless, dematiaceous 

 species occasionally appear with walls colorless in laboratory media during 

 the first few days of growth. Thus, it is entirely possible that such species 

 might be erroneously included among the Penicillia unless the observations 

 are carried farther than we sometimes do. In older cultures significant 

 differences are unmistakable. 



Synpenicillium Costantin, in Bui. Soc. Mycol. France 4: 62-68, PI. XIV, 

 figs. 10-17. 1888. Type species: Synpenicillium album Costantin. 



Synonyms: P. coslaniini Bainier, Bui. Soc. Myc. France 22: PI. XI, 

 figs. 1-6. 1906. 

 Coremium album (Cost.) Sacc. and Trav. Change of name 

 only in Syll. Fung. 19: 428. 1910; diagnosis Syll. 22: 

 1444. 1913. Incorrectly spelled: Sympenicillium in 

 Biourge's Monogr., p. 216. 1923. 

 Constantin created his genus Synpenicillium for one species, S. album, 

 specifying as the generic characters the production of short conidiophores 

 from fasciated (ropy) hyphae, and of aggregates of several conidiophores 

 arising together from fasciated hyphae. 



Bainier, regarding his species as identical with Costantin 's, discarded 

 the generic name and, since Penicillium album was preoccupied, proposed 



