22 A MANUAL OF THE PENICILLIA 



suggestive of the insect parasite. Forms definitely recognizable as Isaria 

 are not included in this Manual. 



Lysipenicillium Brefeld, in Unters. Gesammtgeb. der Myk. 14: 209-210. 

 1908; and 15: Taf. VII, figs. 1-7. 1912. Type species: L. insigne; 

 this was probably PenicilUum insigne Winter, but identity is not claimed. 



Brefeld, in describing Lysipenicillium insigne, separates a species which 

 is sho\vn by his descriptions and figures to represent a Gliocladium. He 

 failed to give an adequate generic characterization, thus throwing upon 

 one who chooses to accept the name the necessity of seeking the proper 

 characterization in previous publications, none of which are cited. 

 Thaxter (1922) expressed the belief that L. insigne of Brefeld was Glio- 

 cladium penicilloides Corda. 



Metarrhizium Sorokin, in Zeit. der Kaiserlichen Landwirtschaflich Gesell- 

 schaft fur Neurussland, Odessa 1879: 268 (fide Pope, 1944). Type 

 species: Metarrhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin. 



Synonym: Entomophthora anisopliae Metschnikoff, ibid. 1879: 21-50. 



Vuillemin (in Bui. Soc. Mycol. France 22: 214-222; PL 11, figs. 1-8. 

 1904) transferred the above species, which typically represents an insect 

 parasite, to PenicilUum as PenicilUum anisopliae (Metsch.). 



Metarrhizium is introduced here because species and strains normally 

 produce conidial masses, or sporodochia, which superficially may suggest 

 some coremiform PenicilUum of the general aspect of P. claviforme Bainier. 

 Whereas penicillate structures can be identified in these forms, careful 

 examination of sterigmatic cells and conidia serves to differentiate between 

 the much-branched and interwoven conidial elements of Metarrhizium 

 (which typically form a hymenium-like palisade) and the generally separate 

 and distinct fruiting structures of even the most strongly fasciculate 

 Penicilliimi. 



Pope (1944) described Metarrhizium glutinosum as a new saprophytic 

 species with marked cellulolytic ability. Thom (1930, p. 434) had called 

 attention to similar forms, without name, as common in soil and on de- 

 caying vegetation. "White and Downing (1947) referred Pope's species to 

 synonymy under Myrothecium verrucaria (Alb. and Schw.). Dimt. ex. Fr. 

 Wliether correctly designated as Myrothecium or Metarrhizium, these 

 forms in laboratory culture may bear a striking resemblance to species of 

 PenicilUum or Gliocladium hence will pass through the hands of the user 

 of this Manual. 



