MONOVERTICILLATA 185 



green, close-textured, strongly wrinkled colonies on Czapek with reverse and media 

 in dull violet-red shades. Conidia and conidiophores are rough. It is assigned to 

 P. spinulosum Thorn in the P . frequentans series. 



Penicillmm roseo-maculaium Biourge (Monograph, La Cellule 33: fasc. 1, pp. 301- 

 303, Col. PI. VIII and PI. XII, fig. 71. 1923), as suggested by Thorn in The Penicillia 

 (1930, p. 186), should be regarded as P. spinulosum Thorn. Thorn's notes made prior 

 to 1930, and our observations made during the present study on Biourge's type (now 

 NRRL 728) furnish no bases for recognition of a separate species. Colonies show 

 considerable aerial growth in masses up to 0.5 to 1.0 mm. deep, conidial areas in dull 

 blue-green shades, conidiophores loosely ascending, bearing simple verticils of sterig- 

 mata and chains of conidia in columns up to IOOm or more; conidia with walls faintly 

 spinulose, globose or nearly so, about 3ai in diameter. 



Penicillium viridi-dorsum Biourge (Monograph, La Cellule 33: fasc. 1, pp. 306-307; 

 Col. PI. VIII and PI. XIII, fig. 75. 1923) was described and figured as a monoverti- 

 cillate form producing blue-green to gray-green conidial areas, colonies toward 

 reddish or hyacinth in reverse, conidiophores smooth and conidia globose, granular 

 or echinulate, 3-0 to4.5/i. Studying the type strain, Thom (1930, pp. 186-187) reported 

 colonies up to SOOju deep with conidiophores tangled, or ascending from creeping or 

 partially submerged hyphae, colorless below, and conidia as 2.5 to 3.0 or 3.5/i in di- 

 ameter and with walls smooth or showing traces of wrinkles. Reexamination of the 

 type (now NRRL 730) in our current study is generally confirmatory but shows 

 conidia to be delicately and consistently spinulose. There are no grounds for sepa- 

 ration from P. s-pinulosum Thom. 



Penicillium tannophagum Stapp and Bortels (Zentbl. f. Bakt. etc. (II) 93: 52. 

 1935) was reported to break down tannin in a 5 per cent solution, hence the name. It 

 was described as rather slowly spreading on wort agar, velvety, with scattered aerial 

 hyphae, green with margin bluish; reverse in yellowish or orange shades; conidio- 

 phores smooth, from 40 to 80m long if borne as branches from aerial hyphae, 100m long 

 if arising from the substratum, 2.5 to 3.0m in diameter, with apices swollen to about 

 5.0m; sterigmata in simple verticils of 8 to 12, measuring 8 to 10m by 2.5 to 3.0m; conidia 

 round, slightly roughened, in loosely parallel more or less adherent chains. By 

 description the species would be assignable in the P. freQuentans series. Examina- 

 tion of the type strain received from the Centraalbureau in 1946 showed a culture 

 agreeing with the original description in general characteristics but failing to show 

 sufficient differences from P. spinulosum Thom to warrant species recognition. 



Penicillium tannophilum Stapp and Bortels (Zentbl. f . Bakt. etc. (II) 93: 52. 1935) 

 was reported to break down tannin in concentrations up to 20 per cent. It was de- 

 scribed as felted, dark green, zonate, rather slow growing on wort agar with reverse 

 colorless; conidiophores mostly arising from the substratum, about 100m by 2.8 to 

 3.2m, swelling at the apex; sterigmata in simple verticils of 7 to 10, measuring 9 to 

 10m by 3.0 to 3.5m; conidia smooth or weakly roughened, in loose parallel chains 

 (columns ?) or tangled, slightly elliptical, 3.2 to 3.8m by 2.8 to 3.0m. Examination of 

 the type, contributed by the Centraalbureau in 1946, is generally confirmatory but 

 shows colonies growing rather rapidly on all media, with reverse in orange to reddish 

 brown shades. The total cultural picture is that of a member of the P. frequentans 

 series strongly suggestive of P. frequentans Wcstling, but the character of the conidia 

 seem to indicate closer affinities to P. spinulosum. The strain shows distinct char- 

 acteristics but is not regarded as warranting separation from the latter species. 



