166' A MANUAL OF THE PENICILLIA 



parently do not represent his species, and since they could not be satis- 

 factorily assigned to any other described form, Raper and Fennell (1948) 

 recognized them as representative of a new species to which they assigned 

 the binomial P. lapidosum because of the abundant stone-like sclerotia that 

 characterize it. 



Penicillium turbatum Westling, in Arkiv for Botanik 11: 54, 128-130; 

 figs. 36, 74a and b. 1911. Also Thorn, The Penicillia, p. 207. 



1930. 



Colonies on Czapek's solution agar growing somewhat restrictedly, at- 

 taining a diameter of 2.5 to 3.0 cm. in 2 weeks at room temperature, strongly 

 buckled and wrinkled, comparatively close-textured, thin, velvety, zonate, 

 central areas white to light gray with limited sporulation, marginal area 

 0.5 to 1.0 cm. wide fairly heavy sporing, in dull gray-green shades near 

 storm gray or olive gray (Ridgway, PI. LII); odor indistinct, indefinite; 

 exudate lacking or limited in amount; reverse in cream to light yellow 

 shades with some traces of green; conidiophores usually arising directly 

 from the substratum, less commonly from creeping hyphae, short, mostly 

 40 to 70m but ranging from 10 to IOOm in length by 2.5 to 3.5/i in diameter, 

 with walls smooth, usually bearing strictly monoverticillate penicilli but 

 occasionally showing one independent branch; conidial chains 50 to lOOju 

 long, tangled; sterigmata few in the verticil, commonly 4 to 8, mostly 10 to 

 14m by 2.2 to 3.0m, having fairly long tapered conidial tubes; conidia ellip- 

 tical, smooth, 3.5 to 5.5m in long axis by 2.5 to 4.0m in diameter, mostly 4.0 

 to 4.5m by 3.0 to 3.5m. 



Colonies on steep agar as on Czapek in rate of growth and general colony 

 pattern but consistently heavier sporing and usually producing abundant 

 conidial structures over the entire colony surface, at first bluish gray but 

 quickly assuming dull olive gray shades; definitely zonate, ridged; reverse 

 as on Czapek but in dull shades; producing abundant sclerotia adjacent 

 to the agar surface but these partially obscured by overlying conidial struc- 

 tures, up to 150m in diameter, colorless to yellowish, composed of polyhedral 

 cells up to 10 to 15m in diameter with walls 1 to 2m thick; conidial structures 

 as on Czapek. 



Colonies on malt extract agar spreading rather broadly, 4.0 to 5.0 cm. 

 in 10 to 12 days, thin, plane except slightly raised in center, velvety, in pale 

 gray shades; producing scattered sclerotia as described on steep agar (fig. 

 47) ; penicilli as described on Czapek. 



Species description centered upon NRRL 757, received in 1911 from 

 Westling as type and subsequently maintained in the Thom collection as 

 number 2545. A second culture, duplicating NRRL 757, was received 

 from Biourge in 1924 as Penicillium turbatum Westling. This was included 

 in Thorn's collection as number 4733.122 (now maintained as NRRL 758) 



