192 A MANUAL OF THE PENICILLIA 



roughened in terminal and subterminal areas; penicilli and conidia as on 

 steep agar. 



Westling's type strain was reported from stored root-stock of Poly- 

 stichum fdixmas and grew well upon common media. The type was lost 

 by Westling before his cultures were sent to Thom in 1911. A second 

 culture, Thom's number 2697, however, was received from Miss Dale in 

 Scotland in 1913 and identified by Thom as Penicillium lividum, then sent 

 to Westling who verified the identification. This latter culture is main- 

 tained in our Collection as NRRL 754. It constituted the principal basis 

 for Thom's redescription of Westling's species in 1930, and for the current 

 diagnosis as presented here. 



Penicillium lividum Westling, while less abundant than many species, 

 is not infrequently encountered among isolates from soil, from stored cereal 

 products, and from other organic materials subject to air or soil borne 

 contamination. The species is apparently cosmopolitan in distribution. 



Culture NRRL 2062 received from the Centraalbureau in June 1946, 

 labelled Penicillium lividum Westling, and in an accompanying letter 

 noted as having come from Thom in 1930, differs from the above descrip- 

 tion in producing comparatively thin, close-textured, strongly restricted 

 colonies, about 1.0 to 1.5 cm. wide on Czapek's solution agar in 10 to 12 

 days, with short conidiopliores rarely more than 50 to lOO^u in length, 

 heavily sporing over the whole surface, in blue-green shades near bluish 

 gray-green or deep bluish gray-green (R., PI. XLII). In colony charac- 

 teristics, this strain fits P. lividum. only in the color of conidial areas. The 

 penicillus, however, agrees quite well with that described for NRRL 754 

 and commonly shows even larger clusters of sterigmata borne on enlarged 

 conidiophore apices up to O.O^i or more in diameter. Conidia are like- 

 wise typical of the species, being broadly elliptical, about 3.5 to 4.5jli 

 by 3.0 to 3.5/x with walls conspicuously roughened. The strain from the 

 Centraalbureau cannot be regarded as representing the species satisfac- 

 torily; however, it cannot be removed from it because of the conidial struc- 

 tures produced. 



Penicillium aurantio-violaceum Biourge, in Monogr., La Cellule 33: fasc. 1 



pp. 282-284; Col. PL X and PL XVI, fig. 94. 1923. Also in 



Thom, The Penicillia, p. 208. 1930. 



Colonies on Czapek's solution agar growing rapidly, attaining a diameter 

 of 4.0 to 4.5 cm. in 10 to 12 days, plane or lightly furrowed, azonate or 

 slightly zonate (fig. 53 A), comparatively deep up to 1.5 mm. in colony 

 centers, consisting of a tough mycehal felt at the agar level with surface 

 growth loose, deeply velvety to lanose, consisting primarily of long ascend- 

 ing conidiophores. Growing margin broad and rather thin, heavily spor- 



