236 A MANUAL OF THE PENICILLIA 



(R., PI. XII) in age, with surrounding agar colored in similar but less 

 intense shades; conidiophores usually borne from aerial hyphae, short, 

 rarely more than 50m in length by 1.5 to 2.0m in diameter, apparently 

 smooth-walled, mostly unbranched but occasionally producing diverging 

 branches suggestive of the Penicillium janthinelluni series; penicilli usually 

 strictly monoverticillate, usually consisting of a limited verticil of 5 to 8 

 sterigmata; sterigmata 6.0 to 7.5m by 1.5 to 2.0m with apices narrowed, 

 somewhat divergent; conidia globose to subglobose when ripe, with ends 

 sometimes apiculate during development, mostly 2.0 to 2.5m, occasionally 

 3.0m in diameter with walls appearing slightly irregular or in some strains 

 definitely roughened. 



Colonies on steep agar essentially as above but generally showing more 

 vinaceous purple in the vegetative mycelium and producing abundant 

 exudate in deeper vinaceous purple shades (fig. 65B) ; reverse as on Czapek 

 but generally darker; conidial structures as described above. 



Colonies on malt agar growing restrictedly, more or less floccose up to 

 2.0 to 2.5 mm. deep in central area, dull gray-buff in color; light sporulating 

 throughout; exudate lacking or very limited in amount and not definitely 

 vinaceous; reverse in brown shades rather than vinaceous and not coloring 

 the surrounding agar; conidial structures as described above. 



Species description centered upon Oilman and Abbott's type, NRRL 

 739, received in 1927 by Thom and subsequently maintained in his collec- 

 tion as No. 4894.15. This culture was originally isolated from Utah soil. 

 Additional strains, duplicating the above in essential characters, but show- 

 ing strain variation, have been occasionally encountered. NRRL 2063, 

 received in June 1945, from Professor G. W. Martin (Jeffersonville Quarter- 

 master Depot, No. J 774) as a strain isolated from the sidewall of a tent in 

 the area of Hollandia, New Guinea, represents an extreme type by pro- 

 ducing conidia that are conspicuously echinulate and strongly suggestive 

 of those produced by the PenicUlium nigricans series. In colony charac- 

 teristics, this culture duplicates NRRL 739 almost exactly. Penicilli are 

 generally monoverticillate but more frequently branched than in Oilman 

 and Abbott's type. On malt agar, small rounded masses of thick-walled 

 cells, 50 to 80m in diameter, suggesting sclerotia normally develop. 



Penicillium phoeniceum van Beyma, in Zentbl. f. Bakt., etc., (II) 88: 



136-137, figs. 4 and 5. 1933. 



Colonies on Czapek's solution agar growing very restrictedly (fig. 65C), 

 about 1 cm. in 10 to 12 days, raised, cushion-like, 1.0 to 1.5 mm. deep, 

 consisting of a tough felt with surface growth somewhat floccose or fu- 

 niculose, azonate, tending to develop radial furrows, with growing margin 

 thin, largely submerged, about 1 mm. wide, and with agar slightly de- 



