MONOVERTICILLATA 239 



100 ml. of culture medium, and the pigment was referred to as phoenicine. 

 Posternak (1938) reported phenicin (CuHieOe) to be a ditoluquinone, 

 M.P. 230-231°C., which gave yellowish red solutions at pH 1.6 to 3.5 and 

 reddish violet at pH 4.9 to 6.0. Composition and various derivatives of 

 the pigment were discussed. Curtin, Fitzgerald, and Reilly (1940) found 

 a specially modified Czapek-Dox medium containing 3.0 gm. NaNOs, 

 0.3 gram MgS04-7H2, and 50 gm. glucose per liter to be most favorable 

 for phoenicine production. They reported a culture received from the 

 Centraalbureau as Penicillium riibrum Grassberger-Stoll to be 2| to 3 

 times more productive than P. phoeniceum v. Beyma, and yields of pig- 

 ment up to 2.0 gm. per 11.4 gm. of mycelium were obtained. Bitancourt 

 (1941) reported P. plioenicum as common on rancid and rotting Brazil 

 nuts in storage. 



^. The Ramigena Series 



Outstanding Characters 



Colonies usually restricted, close-textured and consisting of a compact 

 basal felt with surface appearing velvety or nearly so, often light spor- 

 ing during the first 8 to 10 days; sometimes broadly spreading, tending 

 to be floccose, and ranging from light to heavy sporing. 



Conidiophores (fertile hyphae) prostrate or ascending, arising from the 

 substratum or from creeping aerial hyphae, typically branched, with 

 branches either 1 -celled (metula-like) or long and septate, usually 

 unequal in length, simple or rebranched, not producing definite apical 

 verticils of metulae or branchlets. 



Penicilli typically monoverticillate, borne terminally on the extremities 

 of the branched conidiophores. Individuality of the monoverticillate 

 penicillus is usually clearly evident, but repeated divaricate branching 

 at various levels precludes definiteness of organization or arrangement. 



Conidia are typically small, but range from globose to strongly elliptical, 

 and from smooth-walled to definitely roughened, depending upon the 

 species. 



Series Key 



B. Conidiophores mostly branched, occasionally rebranched, each bearing a terminal 

 monoverticillate penicillus but not arranged as a definite apical verticil of 



metulae (or branchlets) Ramigena series 



1. Colonies growing restrictedly upon all media, mostly 1.5 to 2.5 cm. diameter in 

 10 to 12 days, 

 a. Conidia definitely elliptical, smooth -walled. 



1'. Conidial areas in gray-green shades, with conidia strongly elliptical to 

 narrowly cylindrical, with ends broad, not pointed 



P. capsulalum Raper and Fennell 



