MONOVERTICILLATA 249 



with penicilli usually well separated and producing conidia in long narrow 

 columns 100 to 200iu in length; details of penicillus as described above but 

 commonly showing apices more strongly inflated, up to 6 or S/i; bearing 

 a greater number of sterigmata up to 15 or 18, closel}^ crowded, parallel, 

 tips slightly encurved; conidia as described above. 



Species description centered upon NRRL 1887 received from Geo. Smith 

 in August 1942, as type. XRRL 778, received in 1932 from Geo. Smith, 

 as No. PI 46, an unnamed strain, subsequently used as the type for his 

 Penicillium charlesii, differs only in producing colonies less heavily sporu- 

 lating on Czapek and steep agars. A third substrain of the type, received 

 from the Centraalbureau in February 1946, duplicates NRRL 1887 in 

 essential characteristics but produces less heavily sporulating colonies on 

 Czapek and more closely wrinkled colonies on steep agar. NRRL 780 

 brought by Dr. Paul Simonart from Biourge's laboratory in 1936 and 

 diagnosed at that time as P. waksmani Zaleski likewise represents a strain 

 of P. charlesii, differing from the type only in producing slightly faster 

 growing and looser-textured colonies on malt agar. 



Strains showing the general cultural characteristics and microscopic 

 details of Penicillium charlesii are occasionally isolated from soil and from 

 organic substrata exposed to soil contamination. Such cultures have 

 appeared repeatedly among molds isolated from fabrics such as tentage 

 and other military equipment undergoing deterioration in tropical and 

 subtropical areas. Strain NRRL 2055 is representative of such isolates. 

 In its general appearance in culture, P. charlesii Smith like P. waksmani 

 Zaleski, appears to occupy a position somewhat transitional between a 

 strictly monoverticillate group and the P. citrinum series. 



The following species described by Bainier and Sartory are believed to 

 have approximated forms similar to those that we now regard as either 

 Penicillium ivaksmani Zaleski or P. charlesii Smith. Due to inadequate 

 colony descriptions (based primarily upon licorice stick cultures) and to 

 the unavailability of authentic cultures for comparative study, it is now 

 believed virtually impossible to recognize these forms or to assign them 

 more exactly to particular species: 



C. affinis B. and S., in Bui. Soc. Mycol. France 28: 39-43; PI. I, figs. 1-7. 1912. 

 C. brevis B. and S., in ibid. 28: 43-45; PI. II, figs. 1-4. 1912. 

 C. minutus B. and S., in ibid. 29: 137-144; PI. IV, fig. 3. 1913. 

 C. musae B. and S., in ibid. 29: 154-157; PI. V, figs. 1-2. 1913. 

 C. ramosus B. and S., in ibid. 29: 144-148; PI. IV, figs. 1-2. 1913. 



Conidia were reported to be globose in Citromyces minutus, C. hrevis, 

 C. ramosus, and were apparently so in C. affinis. Citromyces musae was 



