296 A MANUAL OF THE PENICILLIA 



cillia." In his Monograph (1930), he referred to them as the Pemcillium 

 janthinpUum. series, a usage which we have followed since that time. The 

 members of the series are unusually variable, individually and collectively, 

 and it has seemed best to designate the whole aggregate by the name 

 which he believed could be most satisfactorily applied to the general type 

 of culture most abundant among them. 



Aerial growth ranges from comparatively thin, loose-textured to fioc- 

 cose or fioccose-funiculose in some strains. The series is characterized by 

 its rapidly spreading and often highly pigmented colonies, by its irregular 

 and very divergent penicilli, and especially by its sterigmata which taper 

 abruptly to long and narrow conidium-bearing tubes. Seven species are 

 recognized, as follows: Penicillium daleae Zaleski, P. janthinellum Biourge, 

 P. simplicissimu7n (Oud.) Thom, P. ochro-chloron Biourge, P. piscarium 

 Westling, P. miczynskii Zaleski, and P. godlewshii Zaleski. The first of 

 these is distinguished particularly by the spiral banding of its conidia, and 

 is clearly related to this series by the character of its sterigmata. The 

 second species is by far the most abundant and the most variable. It is 

 seldom equalled among the Penicillia in the variety of colors it displays. 

 When first isolated, strains are commonly highly pigmented, but usually 

 become less colorful with continued laboratory cultivation. Penicillium 

 simplicissimum is often heavier sporing, shows conidiophores generally 

 longer, and consistently fails to develop appreciable color either in the 

 mycelium or the colony reverse. Penicillium ochro-chloron typically de- 

 velops as white to slightly tinted colonies with limited sporulation upon all 

 substrata; the species is noteworthy for its tolerance of copper and high 

 acidities. Penicillium piscarium is a comparatively light colored, loose- 

 textured form with elliptical and strongly echinulate conidia. It is known 

 only as the type culture although strains approximating it are occasionally 

 encountered. Penicillium miczynskii is marked by colonies at fir.st white 

 to flocculent, becoming light yellowish green at maturity with yellow 

 vegetative mycelium abundantly produced. Penicillium godlewskii is 

 marked by colonies generally more or less funiculose. Close relationship 

 to the P. janthinellum series is doubtful, but the species can be considered 

 adjacent to this series more conveniently than elsewhere. 



Penicillium daleae Zaleski, in Bui. Acad. Polonaise Sci.: Math, et Nat. 

 Ser. B., pp. 495-496; Taf. 57. 1927. Thom, The Penicillia, 



pp. 360-361. 1930. 



This species as described and illustrated by Zaleski, and as observed by 

 Thom (1930), showed coarsely roughened conidia on which the roughness 

 was concentrated in transversely and usually spirally arranged bands. 

 The type strain was lost from our Collection between 1935 and 1940, 

 and for the present study a new culture of this strain was sent by the 



