262 A MANUAL OF THE PENICILLIA 



Emmons, in his study of the ascocarps of species of Penicillium (1935), 

 suggested that Penicillium. egyptiacum van Bey ma (1933) more nearly 

 approximates Bref eld's P. glaucum. This behef was l:)ased primarily upon 

 the disposition of asci in chains, a development which Brefeld clearly 

 illustrated and one which seldom, if ever, occurs in the fungus studied by 

 Shear. Emmons' report that the asci in Shear's species are borne 

 singly as short branches from fertile ascogenous hyphae has been con- 

 firmed in our present study. 



In our experience, van Beyma's Penicillium baarnense (1939/40) might 

 better represent the fungus studied by Brefeld. In this species the asci 

 are borne in chains, ascospores are rough- walled, and perithecia are for a 

 time strongly sclerotioid and ripen comparativel.y late. Furthermore, 

 the dimensions of its ascospores more nearly approximate the measiu-e- 

 ments given by Brefeld than do those of either P. aspcrum or P. egyptiacum. 



Any one, or none, of the species now assigned to the Carpenteles series 

 may actually represent Brefeld's Penicillium glaucum. It is possible, 

 as a matter of fact, that -there exists still another species, probably in this 

 general series, which may show all of the characteristics of his fungus, 

 including the large rebranched penicilli which commonly have been as- 

 sumed to belong to a different species. Such a Penicillium, however, 

 has not yet been rediscovered. 



In the present work we have adopted the designation Carpenteles series 

 to cover the species under consideration because of the recurrence of this 

 generic name in recent literature, and in the belief that it can be used ad- 

 vantageously to include the ascosporic Penicillia that produce asymmetri- 

 cal conidial structures, usually biverticillate, in conjunction with perithecia 

 that are initially parenchymatous throughout and which commonly be- 

 come sclerotioid prior to maturation. Our Carpenteles series contains 

 three well defined species, namely: Penicillium. asperum (Shear) n. comb., 

 P. baarnense van Beyma, and P. egyptiacum. van Beyma. These species 

 may be separated in the manner shown in the general key to the Divari- 

 cata (see p. 257), and may be briefly characterized as follows: P. asperum 

 typically produces abundant sclerotioid perithecia dull gray to silver gray 

 in color upon most substrata; asci and ascospores develop very late and 

 often in limited numbers; and ascospores show prominent equatorial fur- 

 rows and ridges with side-walls conspicuously roughened. Penicillium 

 baarnense typicall}^ produces sclerotioid perithecia in buff to light tan 

 shades; asci and ascospores develop late; and ascospores are comparatively 

 large, show prominent, often closely parallel equatorial ridges and rough 

 side-walls. Penicillium egyptiacum regularly produces abundant pseudo- 

 parenchymatous perithecia in cream to light tan shades; asci and asco- 

 spores usually develop in 2 to 3 weeks; and ascospores show broad equa- 



