308 A MANUAL OF THE PENICILLIA 



cillium ochro-chloron is not infrequently isolated from tentage and fabrics 

 treated with copper naptithanate or other copper-bearing mildewcides. 

 Despite its apparent selectivity, the species should probably be regarded, 

 like other members of the P. janthinelbim series, as basically a soil form 



Penicillium cuprophilum Sato (Jour. Agr. Chem. Soc. Japan 15: 359-369, illust.; 

 and Bui. Agr. Chem. Soc. Japan 15: 77. 1939 (in English)) was described as follows: 

 Colonies in Czapek's solution agar in the scarcely zonate group, floccose with mar- 

 ginal area consisting of a deep floccose mass of mycelium, 6 mm. deep and 5.4 to 5.0 

 cm. in diameter after 10 days; central mass greenish glaucous with ripening conidia, 

 then turning to olive-buff, and finally to light mineral gray, with reverse ochraceus- 

 orange. Drops abundant, colorless or on Koji extract agar orange-yellow. Conidio- 

 phores 20 to 200^ by 2 to 3m, smooth-walled, and asymmetrically branched; branches 

 15 to 20m long; metulae 12 to 17^ by 2 to 3^, 1 to 3 in group. Sterigmata about 7 to 

 8m by 1.0 to 1.5m, in verticils of about 1 to 5. Conidia globose or elliptical 2 to 3m by 

 1.5 to 2.5m smooth; conidial chains tangled. Hyphae 3m in diameter, smooth. In the 

 presence of CuS04 the older hyphae show great distortion. The type received from 

 Sakaguchi proved to be a fairly typical strain of P. ochro-chloron Biourge, with which 

 species we regard it as synonymous. 



Penicillium biforme var. vitriolum Sato (Jour. Agr. Chem. Soc. Japan 15: 359-369, 

 illust. and Bui. Agr. Chem. Soc. 15: 76-77 (in English). 1939) was described as fol- 

 lows: Colonies on Czapek's solution agar 7 mm. deep, 7 cm. in diameter in 10 days, 

 gelatinenotliquefied, floccose, zonate, first white then central areas dark bluish glau- 

 cous with ripening conidia, changing to olive-buff, vinaceous buff finally to light 

 grayish olive. Reverse warm buff. Drops abundant. Odor none. Conidiophores 

 with smooth walls about 20 to 140m by 2 to 3m, asymmetrically branched; branches 15 

 to 25m long; metulae 12 to 20m by 2 to 3m, 2 to 3 in group; sterigmata about 10 to 12m 

 by 2.5 to 3.0m in verticils of 1 to 5; conidia globose or elliptical 2 to 4m by 1.5 to 3.5m 

 smooth. Conidial chains tangled. Hyphae 3m in diameter, smooth-walled. In the 

 presence of 21 per cent CuS04 the older hyphae show great distortion. Grows vegeta- 

 tively but does not sporulate at 21 per cent CUSO4. The type received from Saka- 

 guchi represented a typical strain of P. ochro-chloron Biourge, with which we regard 

 it as synonymous. 



Penicillium piscarium Westling, in Arkiv for Botanik 11: 54, 86-88, figs. 

 13 and 55. 1911 ; see also Biourge, Monograph, La Cellule 33: 190-191, 

 Col. PL XI, fig. 2 and PI. XVIII, fig. 107. 1923; and Thom, The 

 Penicillia, pp. 487-488, fig. 85. 1930. 



Colonies upon Czapek's solution agar spreading, attaining a diameter of 

 5.0 to 6.0 cm. in 12 to 14 days at room temperature, white or slightly 

 colored in shades near light grayish olive (Ridgway, PI. XLVI), zonate, 

 more or less radially furrowed (fig. 82C), commonly raised in central area, 

 consisting of a fairly tough basal felt with loose floccose surface "growth 1 

 to 2 mm. deep, margins thin, conidial structures very sparsely produced; 

 exudate lacking or very limited in amount; odor absent or only faintly 

 moldy; reverse cream or in very light yellow shades; conidiophores smooth, 



