474 A MANTJAL OF THE PENICILLIA 



Colonies on malt agar at 24°C. consisting of a thin, more or less discon- 

 tinuous felt bearing abundant sclerotia Avhich generally dominate the 

 colony pattern (fig. 122B), conidial structures few in number, scattered, 

 and generally appearing less complex, with elements thinner than on 

 Czapek but otherwise as described above. Conidial structures abun- 

 dantly produced at lower incubation temperatures. 



The species is often found as a cause of decay in gladiolus corms and is 

 occasionally isolated from soil. 



Species description based primarily on strain NRRL 939 received from 

 the Thom Collection as No. 48&5, isolated originally by McCulloch and 

 regarded by Thom (1930) as the species type; duplicated by NRRL 938, 

 from the Thom Collection as No. 5034.65, received originally from Dr. 

 Birkinshaw in England; duplicated also by a strain received from the 

 Centraalbureau in April 1946 as an isolate from gladiolus corms in 1941. 

 A second strain received from Baarn as Machacek's culture, and presum- 

 ably type, differs from the above in producing more restricted colonies 

 that are more conspicuously fioccose and produce comparatively few 

 sclerotia, even on malt agar. 



This species appears to have been isolated during the same year by 

 J. E. Machacek at MacDonald College, Quebec, O. H. Elmer at Man- 

 hattan, Kansas, and Miss McCulloch at Washington. Machacek pre- 

 sented a paper at the meeting of the Quebec Society for the Protection 

 of Plants, at MacDonald College, March 30, 1927; after this he mailed his 

 culture to Thom for identification without information as to his announce- 

 ment of it as new. The culture was received May 4, 1927 and he was 

 advised of its isolation and description in this country by McCulloch and 

 Thom. He subsequently acknowledged that his paper had been presented 

 at a meeting and gave the date of the presentation, but withheld the name 

 and description used. The report containing his paper was received by 

 the U. S. Department of Agriculture Library, April 3, 1928. In the inter- 

 vening period both of Miss McCulloch's papers were published. There 

 is no question as to the identity of the organisms reported. Thom (1930), 

 therefore, substituted McCulloch and Thom's description of the species 

 but ascribed priority of publication to Machacek. 



The same usage is followed in this Manual, although Wakefield and 

 Moore (1936), after reviewing the history of the species, concluded that it 

 should be cited as Pemcillium gladioli McCulloch and Thom. 



The conidial form described and figured by McCulloch and Thom was 

 reported to comply closely with the description of Penicillium divergens 

 Bainier and Sartory (1912), and might have been identified with it except 

 for the entire lack of sclerotia in that species. 



