372 A MANUAL OF THE PENICILLIA 



ing tangled or loosely parallel chains of conidia up to 50/i in length; 

 branches, when present, about 2.5 to 3.0m in diameter, extremely variable 

 in length; metulae commonly in verticils of 3 to 4, variable in length from 

 8 to 15/x, usually 10 to 12yu, with terminal areas commonly enlarged; sterig- 

 mata mostly in groups of 3 to 6, comparatively short, 7 to 10/x by 2.0 to 

 2.5ju; conidia globose to subglobose, mostly 3.0 to 3.8^ in diameter, in some 

 strains larger or smaller, smooth-walled, pale yellow-green in mass. 



Colonies on steep agar growing somewhat more rapidly but duplicating 

 the above in general texture and habit, often more closely wrinkled and 

 commonly heavier sporing in somewhat darker shades than above ; exudate 

 limited or abundant; odor lacking; reverse in dull yellow to orange-brown 

 shades; penicilli more abundantly produced but similar to the above in 

 pattern and dimensions. 



Colonies on malt extract agar, from 4 to 6 cm. in diameter in 2 weeks, 

 plane, ranging from strictly velvety to more or less floccose (fig. 9GD) de- 

 pending upon the strain, comparatively heavy sporing in dull glaucous 

 blue to gray-green shades (R., PI. XLII); exudate lacking; reverse in dull 

 orange-brown shades; details of penicilli as on Czapek but with conidial 

 chains commonl}^ longer. 



Species description centered upon XRRL 837, from the Thom Collection 

 as No. 4733.47, representing Biourge's type received in 1924. Represented 

 also by NRRL 839, from Simonart as Biourge's strain, possibly duplicating 

 the above in origin but now showing minor cultural differences. This latter 

 strain is duplicated by a culture received from the Centraalbureau in 

 Februar}^ 1946, under the same name and probably stemming from the 

 same source. 



Cultures of the kind described above regularly produce low yields of 

 penicillin. 



The validity of this species is somewhat in doubt because in studies of 

 variation within the series mutants of PenicilUum notatnm have been ob- 

 served which approximate this species. However, since the general type 

 of culture described here has been obtained from widely separated natural 

 sources, and since Biourge's strains have in general retained their character 

 for twenty years or more in culture, it seems best to recognize such a species 

 as P. cyaneo-fulvuni. In cultural characteristics, strains in our collection 

 as type material of P. citreo-roseum Dierckx, P. griseo-roseum Dierckx, and 

 P. chlorophaeum Biourge (see p. 363) bear a striking resemblance to P. 

 cyaneo-fulvum Biourge. Admittedly, the selection of P. cyaneo-fulvum. for 

 recognition is somewhat arbitrary. 



PenicilUum brunneo-rubrum Dierckx (Soc. Scien. Brux. 25: 88. 1901; in Biourge, 

 Monogr., La Cellule 33: fasc. 1, pp. 176-179; Col. PI. IV and PI. VI, fig. 36. 1923; 

 Thom, The Penicillia, pp. 267-268. 1930) as reported by Biourge and as known from 



