444 A MANUAL OF THE PENICILLIA 



presence. Other species were originally isolated from soil or substrates 

 subject to soil or water borne contamination. All appear to be primarily 

 of soil origin. 



Pistor (1930) reported Penicillium. commune as common in forest soils 

 in Germany. Yendo (1926) reported the same species upon silk in various 

 stages of processing, where, with other micro-organisms, it caused a brown 

 discoloration through a series of enzymatic actions on the silk proteins. 

 Brien and Denne (1945) found this species to be common on areas of dis- 

 colored wall paper in State houses in New Zealand. Effective control was 

 realized by adding 2 percent "santobrite" (Sodium pentachlorophenate) 

 to the glue size or flour paste used as an adhesive. Other investigators 

 have employed P. commune as a test organism per se. Burnside (1927) 

 found P. commune to be prevalent on brood combs and to produce an odor 

 in the hive which destroyed the morale of the bee colony. Pulvertaft 

 and Walker (1939) included it among the organisms investigated for the 

 control of airborne bacteria and fungus spores by aerosols. Lagoni (1941) 

 used it in conjunction with other organisms responsible for the spoilage 

 of butter and margarine in studies on the microbicidal action of diacetyl. 



Dox (1910) reported Penicillium hiforme to produce unusually high 

 yields of catalase when grown in a synthetic medium. 



