580 A MANUAL OF THE PENICILLIA 



septate, and at its tip begins to put out branches. These gnarled branches are 

 formed in profusion, become septate, and by their further branching and interwining, 

 form a more or less compact mass not unlike the ascocarpic initial of P. spiculisporum . 

 Within this ascocarp ascogenous hyphae appear and give rise to asci arranged end to 

 end in chains (fig. 7B)." 



The species description as presented above is based upon Emmons' 

 original diagnosis and our observations upon one of his type strains, iso- 

 lated in 1931 from rotting wood in Louisiana and now maintained as NRRL 

 1006. Two new isolates have been examined, namely: NRRL 2105 iso- 

 lated in June 1946 from a sample of Minnesota soil, and NRRL 2104 

 isolated in January 1946 from a sample of soil from Sweden. The three 

 cultures are alike in all particulars. 



Penicillium stipitatami Thom is distinguished from other members of the 

 P. luteum series primarily by the unique patterns of its perithecial initials 

 (as described above) and its ascospores. In only one other member of this 

 series, P. diiponti, have ascospores with equatorial ridges been observed 

 and these are not closely appressed as in P. sti'pitatum.. As pointed out by 

 Emmons, the equatorial band in ripening spores is oriented parallel with 

 the wall of the enveloping ascus. When subsequently freed of the ascus, 

 the equatorial ridges commonly show the curved pattern assumed during 

 this development. 



Penicillium vermicidalum Dangeard, in Le Botaniste 10: 123-139, Pis. 16- 



20. 1907. See also Emmons, Mycologia 27: 136-137, figs. 4 and 



5. 1935; and Thom, The Penicillia, pp. 450-451. 1930. 



Colonies on Czapek's solution agar attaining a diameter of 2.5 to 4.0 cm. 

 in 2 weeks (fig. 148A), differing markedly in color and texture in different 

 strains, sometimes predominantly yellow, near empire yellow to lemon 

 chrome (Ridgway, PI. IV) from abundant perithecia and enveloping pig- 

 mented hyphae, in other strains developing reddish colors with fewer peri- 

 thecia and fairly abundant conidial structures in localized areas, in still 

 other strains at first white or nearly so, soon becoming cream, tan, or flesh- 

 colored, close-textured, fairly tough, with surface appearing almost floc- 

 cose, and with conidial structures and perithecia lacking or very limited in 

 number; exudate limited to abundant, clear, or lightly colored; odor fairly 

 strong, suggesting mushrooms; reverse in yellow to light red shades; peni- 

 cilli produced in varying numbers in different strains, ranging from frag- 

 mentary to typical biverticillately symmetrical (fig. 148C), borne primarily 

 on erect conidiophores arising from the substratum; conidiophores mostly 

 300m ov less by about 3.0 to 3.5^, smooth-walled; penicilli typically very 

 compact, consisting of verticils of 4 to 6 metulae that measure about 8.0 

 to 10.0m by 2.5 to 3.0m and bear crowded clusters of 6 to 10 sterigmata 



