584 A MANUAL OF THE PENICILLIA 



producing abundant conidia that characterize the colony and appear in 

 yellow-green shades near tea green to pea green (Ridgway, PI. XL VII), 

 in others showing few or no conidial heads and usually becoming yellow- 

 orange; exudate lacking or limited in amount, clear; odor suggestive of 

 mushrooms; reverse in deep orange to tawny shades (R., PI. XV); penicilli 

 typically biverticillate and symmetrical (fig. 149C), borne on conidiophores 

 arising primarily from the substratum, up to 200m or more in length by 2.2 

 to 2.6m, smooth-walled; metulae in compact verticils of 5 to 7 or 8, about 

 10 to 12m by 2.0 to 2.5m; sterigmata in very compact clusters, parallel, 

 usually 5 to 8 in the verticil and measuring 10 to 12m by 1.5 to 2.0m, with the 

 terminal portion characteristically tapered; conidia elliptical, with ends 

 commonly more or less pointed, mostly 3.0 to 3.5m by 1.8 to 2.2m, in oc- 

 casional strains slightly larger; perithecia produced in limited numbers in 

 some strains, not in others (see malt agar). 



Colonies on malt extract agar growing restrictedly but somewhat more 

 rapidly than on Czapek (fig. 149B), about 3.0 to 4.5 cm. in 2 weeks, typi- 

 cally consisting of a heavy development of perithecia with or without an 

 admixture of conidial structures, in some strains yellow-orange throughout 

 from massed perithecia and enveloping pigmented hyphae, in others mixed 

 yellow and yellow-green from the development of abundant conidial heads 

 among the perithecia; conidial structures as described above; perithecia 

 varying greatly in dimensions, commonly 100 to 300m in diameter without 

 definite walls and in crowded areas tending to merge and lose their identity, 

 surrounded by loose mantles of heavily encrusted and strongly pigmented 

 hyphae; asci abundantly produced throughout a loose hyphal network, 

 borne in short chains, oval to sub-spherical, about 8 to 10m in diameter, 8- 

 spored; ascospores elliptical, spinulose over their entire surface (fig. 149D), 

 mostly 4.0 to 4.5m by 3.0 to 3.3m, colorless or nearly so. 



Colonies on cornmeal agar growng restrictedly, about 2.0 to 2.5 cm. 

 in 2 weeks, thin, with vegetative mycehum largely submerged, conidial 

 structures usually limited in number, generally not affecting the colony 

 appearance, producing perithecia in an irregular layer heaviest at the colony 

 center and thinning toward the margin, in form and dimensions as described 

 above; asci and ascospores as on malt agar. Initials of perithecia (fig. 

 144C) readily observed on cornmeal agar in the margins of developing 

 colonies, consisting of thick, irregularly septate, and sometimes branched 

 hyphae (as reported by Emmons, 1935). 



Species description based upon many cultures showing the above cul- 

 tural and morphological characteristics. Included in this number may be 

 listed the following: NRRL 1017, from the Thom Collection as No. 

 4733.126.1, received from Biourge in 1924 as his No. 401 originally from 

 Klocker and presumably type; NRRL 1016 received in 1920 from L. H. 



