548 A MANUAL OF THE PENICILLIA 



of the Penicillia commonly found in the microflora of tan-liquors in Banga- 

 lore, India. The species is often cited in the older literature, but actual 

 significance was seldom established. It has not been investigated bio- 

 chemically. 



Penicillium claviforme Series 



Outstanding Characters 



Large, conspicuous coremia regularly produced, often zonately arranged, 

 characterizing the colony upon most substrata, but with separate penicilli 

 occasionally developed from either submerged or floccose aerial hyphae. 



Conidiophores arising primarily from the substratum, often up to 2 to 3 

 mm. or more in length, closely interwoven to form a fibrous stalk in 

 which the identity of individual structures is lost, or more loosely aggre- 

 gated with conidiophores closely adherent but retaining their individual- 

 ity, smooth-walled. 



Penicilli typically large, asymmetrical, and often very irregular with parts 

 commonly interlaced with those of adjacent structures to form a con- 

 tinuous spore bearing surface suggestive of an hymenial layer. All parts 

 smooth -walled. 



Series Key 



2. Coremia prominent, with simple conidiophores few in number or lacking; conidio- 

 phore walls smooth P- claviforme series 



a. Coremia typically club-shaped and showing clear differentiation into a compact 



fibrous stalk and an expanded "sporehead" composed of massed and inter- 

 woven penicilli P- claviforme Bainier 



b. Coremia typically loose in texture (Isaria-like), often not clearly differentiated 



into stalk and "sporehead"; commonly appearing feathery with penicilli 

 usually separate P- clavigervm Demelius 



Two species are recognized, as follows: Penicillium. claviforme Bainier 

 and P. clavigerum Demelius. The first of these has long been recognized, 

 and without doubt represents one of the most striking members of the 

 genus. It was described by Bainier in 1905 and illustrated with sufficient 

 skill to insure its subsequent identification. Saccardo recognized the 

 species and included it in his Sylloge in 1906. Subsequent to this, Wehmer 

 (1914) described the same fungus as Coremium silvaticum. Examination of 

 his type culture (now maintained as NRRL 1001) revealed certain fairly 

 distinctive characteristics but failed to show significant differences to sepa- 

 rate it from Bainier's culture and prior description of P. claviforme. Both 

 Biourge (1923) and Gaumann (1920) properly removed the species from 

 Coreynium and placed it in the genus Penicillium, but neither recognized 

 its identity with P. claviforme. This relationship was subsequently clari- 



