BIVERTICILLATA-SYMMETRICA 589 



series by the coiled helix-like pattern of its perithecial initials and the small 

 dimensions of its ascospores. When young the perithecial initials are 

 strongly suggestive of P. vermicidalum, but as these develop they assume 

 a markedly different and specific pattern. 



The name, PeniciUium hclicum, is based upon the characteristically 

 coiled structures that distinguish the species, and is taken from the Latin 

 helica, meaning winding. 



PeniciUium succhari Ray (Rev. Gen. Bot. 9: 294-300; PI. 16, figs. 23-27. 1897) may 

 have represented some form approximating the above species. Perithecia were re- 

 ported as fairly abundant, with mycelial masses yellow to orange. Penicilli were 

 iHvorticillately symmetrical, and conidia quite small, 2.0 by l.O/j.. Asci were said to 

 be 6-sporcd, with spores heavy-walled and measuring 3.0 by 2.5m. The species has 

 not been reported since it was described. 



PeniciUium spicniisporum Lehman, in IMycologia 12: 2G8-274, PI. 19, figs 



1-37. 1920. See also Thom, The Penicillia, pp. 452-454. 1930; 



Emmons, Mycologia 27: 135-136, figs. 3 and 16. 1935. 



Colonies on Czapek's solution agar growing restrictedly (fig. 151A), 

 about 1.5 to 2.0 cm. in two weeks at room temperatiu'e, consisting of a 

 tough mycelial felt about 0.5 mm. deep, with surface appearing lightly 

 floccose, in white to light cream shades, azonate, conidial structures usuall}^ 

 not produced, if present few in number and not affecting the colony ap- 

 pearance; perithecia often not produced or, if produced, late in appearing; 

 exudate generally lacking; odor pronoimced, fragrant; reverse at first color- 

 less, gradually assuming flesh to yellowish shades. 



Colonies on steep agar growing more rapidly, about 4.5 to 5.0 cm. in 

 two weeks, comparatively thin, loose-textured with surface appearing 

 floccose to almost funiculose when examined under low magnifications, 

 showing a tendency to develop radial sectors, light to medium sporing 

 throughout, producing a light grayish green coloration except in the grow- 

 ing colony margin; perithecia produced in limited numbers adjacent to the 

 substratum, partially obscured by the overlying vegetative mycelium and 

 conidial heads; odor pronoimced, suggesting mushrooms; reverse in yel- 

 lowish pink shades; penicilli variable, from mono\'erticillate through irregu- 

 lar patterns to typically biverticillate-symmetrical, usually borne on short 

 conidiophores arising as branches from aerial hyphae; conidiophores com- 

 monly less than 50/x in length by 1.8 to 2.2/x in diameter, smooth-walled; 

 metulae lacking or few in the verticil, rarely 4 or more, commonly irregularly 

 arranged, 10 to ISju by L8 to 2.2/i; sterigmata closely parallel, mostly 5 to 8 

 in the verticil, 10 to 12^t by 1.5 to 2.0/z, characteristically tapered; conidia 

 strongly elliptical, 2.5 to 3.0ai by 1.5 to 2.0m, thin-walled, smooth. 



Colonies on malt extract agar growing fairly rapidly (fig. 151B), about 



