614 A MANUAL Of THE PENlClLLlA 



Penicillium funiculosum Series 

 Outstanding Characters 



Colonies with surface appearing funiculose, floccose-fimiculose, or some- 

 what tufted; usually spreading but occasionally more or less restricted; 

 variously colored, Avith conidial areas usually in yellow-green shades 

 and with aerial vegetative mycelium (often abundantly produced) in 

 yellow to yellow-orange, buff to flesh, or pink to reddish shades; reverse 

 usually in red, orange-brown, or reddish brown shades, but sometimes 

 developing drab or greenish tints. 



Conidiophores commonly arising from ropes or tufts of aerial hyphae, less 

 commonly from the substratum or the basal felt; with walls smooth or 

 slightly roughened, colored in some species and strains. 



Penicilli typically biverticillate and symmetrical, usually consisting of a 

 simple verticil of metulae but in some strains showing metulae rebranched 

 below the level of sterigmata and in others developing mostly fractional 

 structures. 



Sterigmata lanceolate or acuminate, long-tapered, characteristic of the 

 Biverticillata-Symmetrica. 



Conidia usually elhptical, but ranging through subglobose to globose; with 

 walls variable, from smooth to conspicuously roughened. 



Odor usually lacking or not pronounced. 



Series Key 



1. Colonies with surface appearing funiculose, floccose-funiculose, or somewhat 

 tufted; conidiophores arising primarily from aerial hyphae or ropes of hyphae. 



P. funiculosum series 



a. Conidial chains tangled or divergent; metulae parallel or somewhat divergent. 

 1'. Colonies usually spreading broadly upon most substrata. 



aa. Conidia elliptical to fusiform smooth or nearly so; reverse in pink to 

 deep red or orange-brown shades, occasionally almost black. 



P. funiculosum. Thom 

 bb. Conidia globose, conspicuously echinulate; reverse uncolored or in 

 pale drab to greenish shades, becoming dull brown in age. 



P. verruculosum Peyronel 

 2'. Colonies usually more or less restricted upon most substrata. 



aa. Conidia elliptical, heavy-walled, smooth; conidiophores uncolored; 

 colonies bristly, showing areas of red, orange, or yellow mycelium 



and dark green conidia P. islandicum Sopp 



bb. Conidia ovate to elliptical, thin-walled, smooth; conidiophores heavy- 

 walled, dull yellow-green; colonies fibrous to floccose or floccose- 

 funiculose, mostly in buff to orange-pink shades. . .P. varians Smith 



b. Conidial chains forming a conical or pyramidal mass; metulae numerous, in- 



curved P. piceu77i Raper and Fennel! 



Members of this series are cosmopolitan in habitat and apparently 

 world-wide in distribution. Typically, they represent soil forms but com- 



