618 A MANUAL OF THE PENICILLIA 



to subglobose, mostly 2.5 to 3.5/x by 2.0 to 2.5/i, with walls comparatively 

 heavy, smooth or delicately roughened, borne in tangled chains up to lOOju 

 in length. 



Colonies on steep agar essentially as on Czapek but usually heavier spor- 

 ing and more conspicuously funiculose; reverse usually sho^ving less red, 

 commonly in orange-brown shades; conidial structures generally similar to 

 the above in basic pattern but thinner, with individual cellular elements 

 longer, and with walls colorless but sometimes appearing granular on the 

 surface. 



Colonies on malt agar spreading broadly (fig. 159B), with ropiness 

 usually prominent, consistently heavier sporing, commonly dull gray-green 

 to yellow-green near vetiver or Andover green or slate olive (R., PI. XLVII) ; 

 conidial structures as on Czapek but with cellular elements slightly longer. 



Species description based on Thom's original diagnosis and our observa- 

 tions of numerous cultures examined in the current study. No single 

 culture can be cited as entirely typical, since individual strains vary ma- 

 terially depending upon the substratum and other environmental factors. 

 Furthermore, strains are subject to marked change under laboratory culti- 

 vation, usually becoming progressively less pigmented and less heavily 

 sporing. The following strains, however, may be regarded as representa- 

 tive of the species: NRRL 1032a, isolated as an air contaminant in Wash- 

 ington, D. C, in July 1940, and diagnosed at the time as PenicilUum. 

 pinophihirn Hedgcock; NRRL 1033, received in 1926 from Miss A. M. 

 Bottomley, Pretoria, South Africa, as an unidentified strain; NRRL 1768 

 f om C, W. Hesseltine, University of Wisconsin in 1941 as a soil isolate; 

 NRRL 2126 from W. Lawrence White, Philadelphia Quartermaster Depot 

 in May 1945, as an isolate from samples of mercury-treated fabric; a culture 

 received from the Centraalbureau in March 1946, under the name P. funi- 

 culosum Thom (originally from Thom, 1936); and an additional culture 

 from the Centraalbureau as P. luteo-viride Biourge, now maintained in our 

 Collection as NRRL 2127. 



Many strains of PenicilUum funiculosum comply quite satisfactorily 

 with the species description presented above. Others differ from it in one 

 or more important characteristics, but show suflScient gradations to preclude 

 their recognition as separate species. The following cultures may be cited 

 as typifying recognized variations within the species, in a broad sense : 



NRRL 2075 (fig. 159A), received in September 1946 from Dr. R. E. 

 Shope, Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton, N. J., as an 

 isolation made originally in Guam, is characterized by the production of 

 abundant yellow to red, sterile, encrusted hyphae. The colony reverse 

 shows rich orange-red, brownish red, or deep blood red shades. Penicilli 

 are commonly rebranched one or more times below the level of the sterig- 



