502 A MANUAL OF THE PENICILLIA 



often but not consistently appressed ; metulae commonly 3 to 5 in the ver- 

 ticil, about 10 to 12/i by 2.5 to 3.0^; sterigmata usually in clusters of 4 to 8, 

 measuring 7 to 9 by 2.0 to 2.5/i with apices somewhat narrowed; conidia 

 smooth-walled, elliptical to subglobose, mostly 3.3 to 4.0/i by 3.0 to 3.3ju 

 but occasionally up to 5.0 to 5.5m by 3.0 to 4.0/i- 



Colonies on steep agar growing somewhat more rapidly than on Czapek 

 but in general showing essentially the same cultural characteristics, often 

 more closely and less deeply furrowed, heavy sporing throughout and 

 colored as described above; odor pronounced, moldy, in age sourish; abun- 

 dant clear exudate often produced; reverse commonly showing vinaceous 

 purple shades in central colony areas; penicilli essentially as on Czapek 

 but with conidia showing greater variability in size and form. 



Colonies on malt agar spreading (fig. 128B), essentially plane, in some 

 strains narrowly to conspicuously zonate, with fasciculation fairly pro- 

 nounced, in others appearing almost velvety, generally heavy sporing; 

 no exudate; reverse in rich orange-brown shades; penicilli mostly as on 

 Czapek but with conidiophores and branches more definitely roughened. 



Species description based upon comparative cultural and microscopical 

 examinations of numerous strains, of which NRRL 2027 and NRRL 956 

 may be regarded as typical. The former was isolated at Baarn in 1943 

 and received from the Centraalbureau in April 1946 as PeniciUhmi mar- 

 tensii Biourge. The latter was obtained from the Thom collection as 

 No. 5010.11, and was originally received as Zaleski's type strain of P. 

 johannioli Zaleski (see below). Other strains representing the species 

 include: NRRL 951, from the Thom Collection as No. 4733.77, (Biourge's 

 No. 82) and presumably the type for P. janthogemmi Biourge (see below); 

 and NRRL 2030, a strain isolated from tent lines in the South Pacific area 

 in 1944, subsequently submitted to us for identification. 



Cultures of Penicillium martensii seem to be unusually subject to varia- 

 tion when long maintained in continued culture. It is unfortunate that 

 Biourge's type, NRRL 952 (Thom's No. 4733.87), has become so definitely 

 floccose and atypical that it can no longer be regarded as representative 

 of the species. Years of study and the repeated assignment of newly iso- 

 lated strains to this species, however, have tended to establish as typical, 

 the characteristics shown by the strains cited above. 



Penicillium martensii Biourge of this Manual is described in broad 

 enough terms to include a variety of strains, or isolates, differing from 

 each other in particular characteristics. All, however, possess certain 

 characters in common, to-wit: colonies are definitely 6/ue-green with the 

 blue element conspicuously pronounced; colonies in reverse commonly 

 show a vinaceous or purplish coloration; conidiophores upon Czapek's 

 solution agar are smooth or nearly so (but, as is characteristic of almost 



