508 A MANUAL OF THE PENICILLIA 



commonly associated with Botrytis cinerea Pers. on South African grapes 

 intended for export. Burnside (1927) reported P. cydopium to be one of 

 several Penicillia, including P. corylophihmi, P. palitans, P. expansum, P. 

 granidatum, P. chrysogenum, and P. commune, to grow extensively on brood 

 combs and on the dead bees remaining in the hives. 



Demeter and Mossell (1932) reported Pemcilliuni hrunneo-violaceum 

 Biourge (see p. 505) to cause a bro^^^l spotting of Camembert cheese. 

 Control measures Avere discussed. Subsequently, Demeter and Pfundt 

 (1936), investigating the nutrition of this Penicillium and the true Camem- 

 bert mold, foimd that a 5 to 15 per cent concentration of NaCl depressed 

 P. hrunneo-violaceum more than P. camemherti. Glycine, cystine, albu- 

 min, and casein favored the Camembert mold; whereas leucine, glutamic 

 acid, and peptone favored the objectional species. 



Penicillium expansum Series 

 (Apple-rot Penicillia) 



Outstanding Characters 



Colonies usually spreading broadly, varying in depth depending upon the 

 strain and the substratum, in dull yellow-green, gray-green, or glaucous 

 shades, often definitely zonate, with zones showing abundant fascicles 

 and intermediate areas showing mostly simple conidiophores, in some 

 strains almost velvety throughout; regularly producing abundant coni- 

 dia, sometimes in the form of crusts. 



Conidiophores developing directly from the substratum, variable in length 

 up to 750ai or more, comparatively coarse, with walls smooth to con- 

 spicuously roughened depending upon the species and strain, arising 

 singly or in definite bundles or fascicles. 



Penicilli asjnnmetric, comparatively large, commonly once or twice 

 branched, with branches typically appressed against the main axis, 

 and bearing metulae and sterigmata at approximately the same level, 

 producing long, tangled chains of elliptical to subgiobose conidia. 



Reverse ranging from colorless or nearly so through yellow-brown shades 

 to dark walnut broAMi. 



Odor strong, moldy or earthy. 



Tj^ically cause a rapid and destructive rot in apples and other pomaceous 

 fruits, commonly referred to as "blue-mold" rot. 



Series Key 



c. Colonies typically in dull yellow-green, gray -green or glaucous shades; conidio- 

 phores smooth or rough; responsible for destructive rot of pomaceous fru ts. 



P. expansum series 



