516 A MANUAL OF THE PENICILLIA 



ration on conidial character only. Since bridging variations completely obliterate 

 the distinctions then drawn, we may follow Biourge and drop this name. 



Penicillium juglandis Weidemann, in Centbl. f. Bakt. etc., (II) 19: 683-687, fig. 2. 

 1907. No worker has since reported Weidemann's organism, hence we are left to his 

 description of a mold isolated from a walnut. Weidemann found his organism tol- 

 erant of 25 percent tannin in the culture solution, and to produce oxalic acid. Bi- 

 ourge placed it in his P. leucopus (P. expansum Link). He is probably correct. 



Penicillium malivorum Cifferi, in Riv. Patol. Veget. 14: 77-92. 1924. Cifferi's 

 description of his cultures from decaying quinces clearly ally his organism with 

 P. expansum Link. His strain was noted as having conidiophores 7.0 to 7.5)u in 

 diameter (hence verj' large) with smooth walls, but otherwise not differing from many 

 strains seen in culture. 



Penicillium plumiferum Demelius, in Verhandl Zool.-Bot. Gesellsch. Wien 72: 

 76, fig. 5. (1922) 1923. Demelius described a culture from dried leaves of Beta vul- 

 garis var. ciclae. She recognized its relationship to P. expansum but separated it on 

 account of smaller conidia, greener color, abundance of coremia, and absence of 

 characteristic odor. Conidiophores were described as smooth-walled, up to 2 mm. 

 long by 3.0 to 4.5yu wide, aggregated into plumose coremia, spreading upwards; conidia 

 ellipsoid 2.6 to 3. (3.8)ju by 2.4 to 2.5^. It seems best to regard the species as a variant 

 of P. expansum. 



Penicillium variabile Wehmer, in Myc. Centbl. 2: 195-203. 1913; Compare Ber. 

 Deut. Bot. Gesell. 31: 210-235. 1913. Wehmer found his organism as a rot of apples 

 and oranges, not found on potatoes, lemons, or onions. A culture received directly 

 from Wehmer was not separable from Penicillium expansum. Biourge makes this 

 same observation. There is no ground for maintaining the name. 



Penicillin?)} crustosicm Thorn, in The PenicilHa, p. 399. 1930. 



Colonies upon Czapek's solution agar attaining a diameter of 4.0 to 4.5 

 cm. in 10 to 12 days at room temperature, radially furrowed (fig. 131C), 

 in some strains conspicuously so, with central areas often raised and some- 

 times more or less flocculent, with growing margin about 1 mm. wide, 

 w^hite, otherwise heavily sporing throughout, in yellow-green shades near 

 pea green to sage green (Ridgway, PI. XLVII), in age becoming bro\\Tiish 

 approximating cinnamon drab (R., PL XLVI), azonate or indistinctly 

 zonate, generally velvety, about 200 to 500^ deep but showing rudimentary 

 fascicles at the growing margin and occasional!}'' larger, scattered fascicles 

 in older colony areas; characteristically developing continuous crusts of 

 conidial chains which break off as irregular masses when the culture dish 

 is struck or tapped (fig. 132) ; drops inconspicuous, colorless, more abundant 

 in central colony area; odor strong, earthy; reverse colorless or nearly so; 

 penicilli asymmetric, comparatively large, commonly measuring about 

 40 to 50iu in length, and bearing long tangled chains of conidia up to 150 

 to 200/x in length; conidiophores comparatively coarse, mostly 200 to 300jli, 

 occasionall}" up to SOO^t in length by 3.5 to 4.5ju wide, conspicuously rough- 



