620 A MANUAL OF THE PENICILLIA 



penicilli are typical of the species but produce very small elliptical to sub- 

 globose conidia measuring about 1.8 to 2.2 by 1.5^. 



NRRL 2119, received in May 1943, from Dr. Franz Lozet, Institut 

 National pour I'Etude Agronomique du Congo Beige, differs from the 

 species as described above in producing colonies on malt agar with mar- 

 ginal areas conspicuously granular from the aggregation of conidial struc- 

 tures into definite tufts or fascicles, occasionally appearing almost coremi- 

 form. These colonies are characterized by an aromatic odor suggesting 

 spiced apples. In form and dimensions, the penicillus essentially dupli- 

 cates that of the species Penicillium funiculosum. The strain is possibly 

 transitional in the direction of P. purpurogemmi Stoll. 



Other investigators encountering members of this series have placed 

 particular emphasis upon individual strain characteristics and have estab- 

 lished species upon the basis of such differences. Of species that have been 

 described we believe the following would be covered by the broad descrip- 

 tion of Pemcillium funiculosum given above : 



Penicillium pinophilum Hedgcock (in Thorn, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Anim. Ind., 

 Bui. 118, pp. 37-38, fig. 6. 1910; Thorn, The Penicillia, pp. 462-463, figs. 75 and 76. 

 1930) was isolated originally from pine wood which was strongly discolored by it— 

 hence the name. The species was described in terms which fail to separate it from 

 P. funiculosum Thorn. Published illustrations likewise fail to reveal significant 

 differences. The species is regarded as a member of the P . funiculosum series, prob- 

 ably synonymous with the species. A culture received from the Centraalbureau in 

 July 1946, under this name as a culture from Thom in 1930, produced restricted, close- 

 textured, and "wet" colonies on Czapek and steep agars without developing any 

 conidial structures at 4 weeks; abundant but fragmentary penicilli with long thin 

 sterigmata were produced on malt agar. We are compelled to regard this strain 

 merely as a degenerate member of the P. funiculosum series. 



Penicillium africanum Doebelt (Ann. Mykol. 7: 315-338. 19U9) was inadequately 

 described, but is believed to have represented a member of this series. A culture, 

 presumably Doebelt's, was received by Thom from Pribram and was observed in cul- 

 ture as No. 4777.5 (The Penicillia, p. 466. 1930). It represented a biverticillate form 

 with anastomosing ropes of hyphae bearing conidiophores as short branches, and 

 was reported to be "closely related to Thom's P. funiculosum.''' A culture from the 

 Centraalbureau, received in February 1946, under this name, as an isolate made by 

 van Beyma in 1928, proved to be a typical strain of P . funiculosnm , dupWcnting NRRL 

 1033 and 1032a cited above. 



PeniciUium luteo-viride Biourge (Monogr., La Cellule 33: fasc. 1, pp. 242-243; Col. 

 PI. VII and PI. XI, fig. 62. 1923) was described in terms which led Thom (1930) to 

 place it adjacent to the P. funiculosum series. Re-examination of Biourge's descrip- 

 tion and of notes made on a culture regarded by Thom as representative of this species 

 fails to furnish adequate bases for separation from P. funiculosum, when the species 

 is considered in a broad sense. Thom reported conidia as rough, but this character 

 is so variable in the series as to be of doubtful significance. A culture received from 

 Baarn under this name, and now maintained as NRRL 2127, is listed above as repre- 

 sentative of P. funiculosum Thom. 



