624 A MANUAL OF THE PENICILLIA 



conspicuously zonate (fig. 160A), lightly wrinkled in a radial pattern, 

 variously colored in yellow-orange, orange-red, brown, and dark yellow- 

 green shades, from irregular or interrupted production of conidial structures 

 and pigmented hyphae, consisting of a fairly tough felt of orange to red 

 encrusted mycelium from which arise ascending or funiculose hyphae bear- 

 ing the conidiophores as short branches, with alternate zones or localized 

 areas in which sterile hyphae or conidial structures dominate the colony 

 surface, margins in flesh to orange shades, about 1 to 4 mm. wide, sporu- 

 lating abundantly in most strains, commonly in localized zones or areas, 

 in dark yellow-green shades through artemisia to lily green or even deep 

 slate green in age (Ridgway, PI. XLVII), in some strains lightly sporulating 

 with white to orange or red mycelium predominant; exudate limited to 

 fairly abundant, occurring mostly as microscopic beads along the hyphae, 

 or collecting into small droplets and often becoming overgrown by second- 

 ary mycelial growth to produce a superficially nodular appearance; odor 

 indefinite to rather sharp, difficult to characterize; reverse in orange-brown 

 to red shades, becoming dull in age; conidiophores short, commonly 50 to 

 75m, borne almost entirely as branches from ascending aerial hyphae or 

 ropes of hyphae, occasionally from the substratum and measuring 100 to 

 150/i by 2.5 to 3.0m, often appearing rough and encrusted when viewed dry, 

 but smooth in fluid mounts; penicilH usually consisting of a compact ter- 

 minal verticil of metulae, not infrequently branched but with the branches 

 also terminating in typical biverticillate-symmetrical structures, occasion- 

 ally with a secondary verticil lower do^vn on the conidiophore ; metulae 4 to 

 6 in the verticil, 8 to 10m hy 2.2 to 2.8m; sterigmata parallel, closely packed, 

 in clusters of 5 to 8, shorter and less gradually tapered than in most mem- 

 bers of this group, 7 to 9m by 1.8 to 2.2m; conidia elliptical, 3.0 to 3.5m by 

 2.5 to 3.0m, heavy-walled, smooth, borne in short tangled chains. 



Colonies on steep agar growing somewhat more rapidly (fig. 160B), 

 3.5 to 4.0 cm. in 2 weeks at room temperature, otherwise as described above; 

 exudate lacking; odor faint, slightly fragrant; details of the penicilli as 

 described above. 



Colonies on malt extract agar 2.5 to 3.5 cm. in 2 weeks at room tem- 

 perature, in most strains comparatively thin, plane, with center slightly 

 raised, in others 2 to 3 mm. deep, loosely floccose-funiculose, with a con- 

 spicuous development of orange to orange-red encrusted mycelium in all 

 strains, zonate, medium to heavily sporing; margins irregular; exudate 

 lacking ; odor more or less fragrant ; reverse in orange to rose shades ; micro- 

 scopic details as described on Czapek's agar but conidia borne in loosely 

 parallel chains up to 100m in length. 



Species description centered upon NRRL 1036, 1037, 1038, and 21 15 as 

 typical, and upon numerous other strains examined in connection with this 



