644 A MANUAL OF THE PENICILLIA 



somewhat restricted colonies of the strain are presumed to indicate closer 

 relationship to P. worlmannii than to P. vermicidatum, but the conidial 

 structures and the ascospores produced would satisfy either of these species. 

 It is entirely possible that most of the cultures now assigned to P. variabile 

 Sopp actually represent imperfect forms of one or more ascosporic species. 



Penicillium citricolum Bainier and Sartory (Bui. Soc. Mycol. France 28: 276-279, 

 PI. XIII, figs. 1 and 2. 1912) is believed to have been based upon a culture of the 

 type included in P. variabile of this Manual. Colonies were described as blue-green 

 on some media with reverse and medium citrine yellow; conidiophores were about 2yu 

 in diameter, septate, more or less sinuous and rather long. Penicilli were figured as 

 biverticillate and symmetrical, with 4-6 metulae in a single verticil; conidia were 

 shown as strongly elliptical. Cultures have not been seen and exact identification is 

 impossible. 



Penicillium anreolirnhum Zaleski (Bui. Acad. Polonaise, Sci.: Math, et Nat. Ser. 

 B., pp. 481-482, Taf . 53. 1927) was assigned to the "P. luteum series, non-ascosporic" 

 by Thom (1930) from Zaleski's description, but no satisfactory type was received 

 and the description was not sufficiently explicit to guarantee the correctness of such 

 placement. A culture subsequently received from Zaleski under this name proved to 

 be P. notatum Westling. The nature of the species must remain in doubt. 



Penicillium braziliense Thom (The Penicillia, pp. 48.3-484, fig. 83. 1930) was based 

 upon his No. 4707.759 I from Dr. daFonseca of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The species 

 was described as follows: "Colonies white to very faintly tinged, velvety, spreading 

 broadly, not over 200m deep, slowly and incompletely zonate in age; reverse (four 

 weeks) yellow to olive bufT or a dirty yellow-orange mixture; drops not seen; odor 

 none; conidiophores ascending rather than erect, lOO to 200jli long, by 3/i to in, with 

 walls pitted or rough; penicilli variously branched, only partly biverticillate; metulae 

 16 to 2{)m, enlarged at the apex, unequal in the verticil; sterigmata 13 to 16m in length; 

 conidia about .3/x in diameter." The species was based upon a single culture, now 

 lost from our Collection and not listed as available from Baarn. It was recognized 

 to account for "white forms with partly biverticillate penicilli." Thom assigned the 

 species to a miscellaneous biverticillate series, at the end of the Biverticillata-Sym- 

 metrica, which is not recognized in the present Manual. In view of the fact that 

 Thom reported penicilli as only partly biverticillate, and in the absence of an authen- 

 tic culture, proper disposition of P. braziliense must remain in doubt. 



Occurrefice ami Significance 



Pcmcillium. pwyurogemmi and allied species represent normal com- 

 ponents of the mycoflora of most soils, and may be expected to occur on 

 almost any organic material that is subject to soil, air, or water-borne 

 contamination. They are commonly observed in soil dilution plates where, 

 upon most media, they appear as heavily sporing, deep yellow-green 

 colonies with reverse usually in bright to deep red or reddish purple shades. 

 Frequently they occur upon moist paper stocks, starch paste and other ma- 

 terials of like nature, appearing as deep greenish areas surrounded by halos 

 of reddish color. Members of the series were common among the molds 



