BIVERTICILLATA-SYMMETRICA 659 



Sartor}', P. olsoni of the same authors, and P. novae-zeelandiae van Beyma. 

 The first of these is known in culture from manj^ strains and shows the 

 general characters of the series itself. The second species, P. olsoni, is 

 closely related to P. herquei and may, in fact, be based upon unusually 

 coarse variants of the latter species. It is known from the original descrip- 

 tion and a culture which was for many years maintained in the Thom Col- 

 lection. The third species, P. novae-zeelandiae, is known only as the type 

 strain. It is of rather uncertain relationship, and assignment to the series 

 with P. herquei represents a matter of expediency rather than a conviction 

 of close kinship. The species is characterized particularly by the pro- 

 duction of abundant black sclerotium-like masses of specialized thick- 

 walled cells. Comparable structures are occasionally seen in limited num- 

 bers in both the P. funiculosuni and the P. purpurogenum series, and from 

 description are known to have occurred also in a culture diagnosed as P. 

 olsoni Bainier and Sartory (see p. 664). 



The Penicillium herquei series is included in the Biverticillata-S}Tn- 

 metrica upon the basis of the following characters: Penicilli are typically 

 biverticillate and are usually symmetrical or nearly so, colonies tjijically 

 produce varying amounts of yellow encrusted hyphae, particularly upon 

 malt extract agar, and many strains produce a fragrant or aromatic odor 

 suggesting apples or black walnuts. They differ from the more typical 

 members of this Section, however, in producing relatively shorter and 

 broader penicilli in which the nimiber of metulae and sterigmata is com- 

 monly much greater than in other series or species, with the possible ex- 

 ception of P. avellaneum Thom and Turesson. In fact, there is a limited 

 but definite degree of similarity between the penicilli of these forms. In 

 both species, penicilli are comparatively large and compact and are borne 

 upon long coarse conidiophores. Furthermore, metulae in both cases 

 sometimes arise laterally as well as terminally from the apical portion of the 

 conidiophore. 



The relativel}^ short, compact penicillus of Penicillium herquei is some- 

 what suggestive of the P. hrevi-compactwn series in the Asymmetrica-Velu- 

 tina. However, such similarities as exist between these series are regarded 

 as largely coincidental. 



Penicillium herquei Bainier and Sartory, in Bui. Soc. Mycol. France 28: 

 121-126; PI. VII, figs. 1-10. 1912. See also Sartory and Bainier, 

 Compt. Rend. Soc. Biol. Paris, 71: 229-230; and Thom, The Penicilha, 

 pp. 467-469, fig. 78. 1930. 



Colonies on Czapek's solution agar (Col. PI. X) growing slowly, attaining 

 a diameter of 2 to 3 cm. in 2 weeks at room temperature (fig. 166A), often 

 somewhat radially wrinkled, azonate or shghtly zonate, deeply velvety to 



