POLYVERTICILLATA 671 



3 or 4 in number. Occasionally they are produced aerially. Superficially 

 they suggest the chlamydospores, or macrospores, often seen in strains of- 

 Paecilomyces. On the other hand, their appearance is not unlike that of 

 the large smooth conidia developed by species of Scopulariopsis, but differ 

 from these in being produced in very limited numbers and usually within 

 the substratum rather than upon aerial conidiiferous cells. Van Beyma 

 (1937) described a species of Scopulariopsis, S. diversispora, which regularly 

 produces strongly elliptical conidia in long aerial chains and at the same 

 time globose conidia in short chains adjacent to the mycelium. 



Descriptive notes are taken from strain NRRL 1212, isolated by Webb 

 in 1940 and provisionally identified as PenicilUum albicans Bainier. 



Penicillium albicans was described by Bainier approximately as follows: 



Conidiophores figured as short perpendicular branches from trailing hyphae, much 

 larger in diameter than the sterile hyphae, consisting of 1 or 2 swollen cells, bearing 

 a penicillus figured as regularly 2 to 3 verticillate with elements coarse, short, vesicu- 

 lose rather than tubular, successively smaller in diameter, and with occasional 

 branches directed backward from the upper cell of the conidiophore or the first verti- 

 cil of branches ; conidia oval , at first white then slowly fawn to reddish in age. Conidia 

 were described as oval and a little smaller than in Penicillium rubescens Bainier, 

 which had been previously reported (1906) as elliptical and 2.8 to 5.6m in long axis. 



Bainier described three additional species that are believed to be closely 

 related to Penicillium albicans: 



Penicillium niveum Bainier (Bui. Soc. Mycol. France 22: 134; PL IX, figs. 1-4. 

 1906) was described with very large penicilli 5 to 7 times verticillate and with conidia 

 strongly elliptical measuring 8.4-11 .2/t by 2.8-3.0^. The species was essentially 

 colorless. 



Penicillium insigne Bainier (Bui. Soc. Mycol. France 22: 134; PI. IX, figs. 5-12. 

 1906) was described in considerable detail with particular attention to cellular rela- 

 tionships within the penicillus; conidiophores ranged from very short and thick up 

 to 2S0m by llju. The penicillus was reported to be compact and apparently thrice 

 verticillate; sterigmata were gradually narrowed to the apex and varied in length 

 from 8.4 to 11. 2^; conidia were oval to oblong and were commonly 2.8 by 5.6^. 



Penicillium rubescens Bainier (Bui. Soc. Mycol. France 22: 207; PI. XI, figs. 7-13. 

 1906) was described in terms almost identical with those cited above for P. albicans 

 except conidial areas were reported to range up to 5 ram. deep and to become a reddish 

 or rusty color. Penicilli were reported as 3 to 6 times verticillate and more or less 

 symmetrical. Conidia were reported as elliptical, 2.8 by 5.6m, becoming rose then 

 brownish red in ripening to produce the characteristic colony color. 



It is possible that the species Penicillium lavenduliim, recently described 

 by Raper and Fennell (1948), may represent something of the same type 

 of fungus as that reported by Bainier as P. rubescens. We believe, however, 



