674 A MANUAL OF THE PENICILLIA 



between the Endomycetaceae and the Gymnoascaceae. In the case of Scopu- 

 lariopsis, small dark- to black-walled ascocarps are developed and these are 

 usually, if not consistently, ostiolate. Emmons and Dodge (1931) and 

 others have assigned such ascosporic forms to Zukal's genus Microascus 



(1890). 



Corda described Gliodadmm in 1840. Saccardo called it a true Peni- 

 cillium. With the advent of laboratory cultivation of molds, Gliodadium 

 was put back among the definitely separable genera, whose conspicuous 

 character is the breaking up of conidial chains to form a mucilaginous mass 

 or globule with the conidia suspended or enveloped in abundant slime 

 which possibly arises from the liquefaction of the outer spore walls. 



Bainier, in 1907, separated Paecilomyces as a genus with colonies never 

 green, and with sterigmata showing spore-producing tubes usually set at a 

 rather conspicuous angle from the axis of the cell. 



In the same year, he separated Scopidariopds, with Saccardo 's Peni- 

 cillium hrevicaide as the type species, as a second genus which was never 

 green and with sterigmata sloping gradually from base to conidium bearing 

 apex and variously produced upon the fertile hyphae. 



While great numbers of strains in these three groups have been seen 

 and many specific names have been proposed by different workers, no ade- 

 quate taxonomic study of either genus is available. 



All three groups are constantly encountered wherever Penicillia are iso- 

 lated from natural substrata, and their Penicillium-like masses of conidia 

 are frequently assumed to belong to Penicillium. Hence they will be 

 sought among the Penicillia. For this reason a brief consideration of each 

 genus will be given, and one or more of its representative species discussed 

 in some detail. 



Gliocladium 



Gliodadium of Corda, as interpreted in descriptive literature, includes 

 species whose conidial apparatus is so Penicillium-like that they could 

 readily be assigned to Penicillium, as well as species which diverge in 

 morphology sufficiently to justify generic segregation. In the forms com- 

 monly isolated and studied by us, colony habit and appearance usually 

 diverge fairly widely from the usual Penicillia. No consistent effort to 

 cover all of the Gliodadium literature has been made, however, enough will 

 be presented to exhibit the contrasts between the two genera. Certain 

 species, some of which have been described and more or less commonly 

 regarded as Penicillia, and others obviously related but seldom if ever re- 

 garded as PeniciUia, will be considered. 



Gliodadium Corda, in Icones Fungorum IV: 30-31, Taf. VII, fig. 92. 1840. 

 Type species G. penicilloides Corda, ibid. Latin description repeated 



