682 A MANUAL OF THE PENICILLIA 



(1931) reported P. roseum to be a wound parasite capable of infecting har- 

 vested dates. 



Biourge based his species Penicillium vermoeseni upon a fungus isolated 

 in Belgium from certain species of Areca (palms) grown under glass. Bliss 

 later (1935) isolated the same species from various types of diseased palms 

 in California, and in a more detailed communication subsequently (1938) 

 reviewed the occurrence and seriousness of such infections as they had been 

 reported by Robertson-Proschowsky (1921), Fawcett (1930), and other 

 investigators, usually as due to P. roseum. The disease was especially 

 severe in plantings of the palm, Washingtonia filifera. 



In the literature, differentiation between forms regarded as representing 

 Gliodadium roseum and G. vermoeseni is usually not clear. 



Gliocladium catenulatum Series 



The present series appears to be intermediate between (1) the Gliocladium 

 roseum series in which the conidia are colorless to flesh or rosy pink, and 

 which may be borne in well-defined chains and (2) the G. deliquescens series 

 in which the conidia are dark green, and which regularly collect in balls of 

 sHme typical of the genus. In the G. catenulatum series, conidia are mostly 

 pale yellow-green in color and may either remain in chains to form wet 

 columns (fig. 170B), or collect into typical shme balls. Colonies in this 

 series are usually deeply floccose and show considerable ropiness (fig. 170A). 

 Conidial development begins late and is most abundant in colony centers 

 and sometimes in outlying concentric zones (fig. 170A). One species, G. 

 catenulatum Oilman and Abbott, can be easily recognized, and may be 

 regarded as typifjdng the series. Another species, G. fimbriatum Oilman 

 and Abbott, may belong here, but cultures distributed as type seem to 

 place this in another genus (see discussion below). 



Van Beyma's Gliocladium flavum, described in 1928, has not been avail- 

 able for study but from the description and figures it would appear to belong 

 in the present series. 



Gliocladium catenulatum Oilman and Abbott, in la. State Col. Jour. Sci. 



1: 303, fig. 37. 1927. 



Oilman's and Abbott's diagnosis follows: 



"Colonies on Czapek's agar pure white, spreading, floccose, becoming olive green 

 to bright green in the center as fruiting areas develop, and clear dark green in old 

 cultures; fruiting areas are usually confined to center of colony and one or two con- 

 centric zones separated by sterile mycelium; reverse colorless to yellowish. Aerial 

 mycelium abundant, simple or in ropes, from which the conidiophores arise as 

 < branches. Conidiophores often once and sometimes twice branched, coarse, pitted 



