684 A MANUAL OF THE PENICILLLA. 



Colonies on steep and malt agars as on Czapek but growing somewhat 

 more rapidly and often sporulating less abundantly and more tardily; re- 

 verse developing pale yellow to rosy cream shades. 



Conidial structures are in general agreement with the describer's diag- 

 nosis and often develop the wet spore columns described. On the other 

 hand, they commonly show conidia collecting into characteristic balls of 

 sUme. Conidiophores appear roughened when viewed dry under low 

 power, but in liquid mounts under oil usually appear smooth. 



The species appears to be fairly common in soil. NRRL 1091 and 2158 

 are representative. 



GKodadium fimhriatum Oilman and Abbott, in la. State Col. Jour. Sci. 1: 

 304, fig. 38. 1927, was described as follows: 



"Colonies on Czapek's agar broadly spreading, orbicular, pure white at first, with 

 zones of dark leaf green fruiting areas appearing near the center of the colony. Co- 

 nidiophores arise from aerial hyphae, smooth, up to 25m long; several from one point, 

 stolon-like hyphae usually present at point of origin. Heads enveloped in round 

 balls of slime in which chains are not distinguishable; fructification in two stages, 

 with divergent branchlets or metulae which bear elongate flask-shaped, appressed 

 phialides, or with conidia borne directly on a few finger-like phialides which arise 

 irregularly from the conidiophores; in most heads one or more branchlets arise later- 

 ally from the conidiophore some distance below the main head; metulae elongate, 

 extremely variable in size, phialides usually 10 to 20)u long, from fiask-shaped to ir- 

 regular elongate. Conidia elliptical or elongate, ovoid, smooth, pale green, 6.5 to 

 9.5ai by 2.5 to 4.0^. 



"From soil: United States: Iowa, Louisiana." 



Much has been written about tliis latter species, principally because of 

 WeindUng's (1932, et. seq.) report of the production of an antibiotic which 

 he subsequently termed gliotoxin (1941). His culture was first regarded 

 as a species of Trichodcrma but, upon the advice of Timonin and Thom, 

 was reported as Gliodadium fimhriatum (1937). Recently, Brian and co- 

 workers (1944 and 1945) in England, have questioned this diagnosis and 

 by way of supporting their view have demonstrated the production of glio- 

 toxin by strains which they regard as unquestionably representing Tricho- 

 derma. Weindling's culture has been retained and today would seem to 

 represent a species of Trichoderma. Under the usual conditions of culture, 

 however, it shows conidial structures sometimes almost penicillate and 

 conidia collecting into slime balls in the manner characteristic of Glio- 

 cladhim, which characteristics undoubtedly furnished the bases for Thom's 

 diagnosis. 



A culture, presumably type, was received from the Centraalbureau in 

 May 1946, as Gliodadium fimbriatum from Abbott in 1927. Careful exam- 

 ination and comparison with Pope's Metarrhizium, glutinosum (Mycologia 



