GLIOCLADIUM, PAECILOMYCES, AND SCOPULARIOPSIS 691 



under the name Monilia formosa, represents a strain of Paecilomyces ap- 

 proximating P. varioti. 



In nature, Paecil omyce s repres ents_arL -Cxtromel3r r n mmnn - and variable 

 group of molds. Comparative study of all available members of the group 

 will be required to develop a sound nomenclature and to establish with 

 certainty its natural relationships to PeiiiciMu m and other ge nei-a of sapro- 

 phytic molds with which it is now oftentimes confused. 



Paecilomy(xs_ varioti] iix\me.i\ in Bui. Soc. ]\Iycol. France 23: 26-27, 

 " " PI. VIII. 1907. 



Sj-nonym: Pen ic Uliu2ii-dimrf4e&Hrm~-Thom , in U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. 

 Anim. Ind., Bui. 118, pp. 72-73, fig. 29. 1910. 

 Spica ria divaric aJiL (Thom) Oilman and Abbott, in Iowa 

 State Col. Jour. Sci. 1: 301. 1927. 



Colonies spreading broadly upon all common media (fig. 171 A), in shades 

 of yelloAnsh brown (avellaneous), never green, with superficial growth con- 

 sisting mostly of trailing fertile hyphae or ropes of hyphae (fig. 171B), 

 becoming powder}^ in appearance when mature; reverse of colony not dis- 

 colored in some strains, developing bluish green shades in others; fertile 

 hyphae septate, usually short, mostly creeping; conidial fructifications 

 either terminal or on short branches (fig. 171C) of creeping or partially erect 

 hyphae, consisting of separate sterigmatic cells, or of verticils, or series of 

 verticils of branchlets and sterigmata irregularly distributed along the fer- 

 tile hyphae; sterigmata 15 to 20m by 3m with long aciuninate tubes usually 

 bent away from the axis of the cell and widely divergent at the apices (fig. 

 IID), bearing long chains of conidia; conidia elHptical or fusiform, 5 to 7m 

 by 2.5 to 3.0m, yellowish to brownish, smooth-walled, swelHng in germina- 

 tion to 10m and producing 2 or more tubes. The species is unmistakable 

 when once seen in culture. 



Thom's tj^pe of Penicillium divaricatum, upon which the above descrip- 

 tion was based, was first found in an empty mucilage bottle, Storrs, Con- 

 necticut, 1904. An enormous number of cultures with the basic characters 

 of Paecilomyces varioti have been seen. These vary in the shade of color of 

 colony and substratum, in floccosity, in the abundance and distribution of 

 the so-called macrospores, in the arrangement of the sterigmata, and in the 

 size of the conidia. Our Collection and records show organisms of this 

 type from Japan, Manchuria, Europe, China, South Africa, South America, 

 the Southwest Pacific, Australia, and from many parts of the United States. 

 They have been observed among the molds from all soils examined. Repre- 

 sentative strains include NRRL 1115 (Thom's No. 34 and the type of 

 Penicillium divaricatum); NRRL 1118 from Fawcett in CaUfornia in 1934; 



