GLIOCLADIUM, PAECILOlVriXES, AND SCOPULARIOPSIS 693 



feces. Segal (1923) reported one as isolated from a guinea pig inoculated 

 with the virus of typhus fever. We have had cultures from licorice root, 

 from a hen's egg, from nut margarine, from soy products in China, from 

 bread in Arabia, and from a quinine solution. Great masses of mycelium 

 of this species were found deep in a pile of cabbage waste at a sauerkraut 

 factory in Ohio where the temperature had reached 55 °C. They have oc- 

 curred frequently upon exposed military equipment, but their significance 

 in process of deterioration has not been thoroughly explored. 



Kta and Wai found their organism (proposed as a new species but un- 

 described) upon rotting boards in a cellar. Several strains were received 

 from the Forest Products Laboratory in Madison, Wisconsin, as isolates 

 from wood in various stages of discoloration or decay. Penicillium divari- 

 catmn has been reported as the cause of "yellow stain" in hardwood timbers 

 in Australia. Robertson (1939), in London, reported the same species to 

 grow well at 44°C. and to cause a yellow stain of oak timber during the 

 kiln-drying process. Growth of the mold could be controlled by dipping 

 the freshly sawed planks in an antiseptic bath containing one of the chlo- 

 rinated phenols or by spraying the timber with a formaldehyde solution. 

 Davidson, et al. (1942) isolated Paecilomyces varioti from brownish streaks 

 in the heartwood of living oaks. 



Shaposhnikov and Manteifel (1923) reported the production of citric 

 acid (at 40°C.) by a thermophilic mold described as a new species, Peni- 

 cillium arenarium. Thom (1930, pp. 546-547) regarded this as probably 

 representing some member of the Paecilomyces varioti series. The culture 

 has not been seen by us. 



Sakaguchi, Inoue, and Tada (1939) reported two new species of molds, 

 Penicilliu7n vinijemm and Monilia formosa to produce ethylene-a-^-dicar- 

 boxylic acid as their chief metaboUc product. Types of the two species 

 were secured from Sakaguchi and both were found to represent Paecilo- 

 myces. 



An occasional strain appears to be parasitic. Penicillium burci was first 

 isolated from an experimentally produced nodule and described as a new 

 species in 1927 by Pollacci. Pirrone (1929) produced mycotic nodules in 

 experimental animals but found the species to be less active than either 

 Sterigmatocystis nigra (Aspergillus niger) or Actinomyces hovis. Thom 

 (1930, p. 548) regarded Pollacci 's species as a Paecilomyces, hence changed 

 the name to Paecilomyces burci (Poll.) Thom. 



Olliver and Rendle (1934) found Byssochlamys fidva to be an important 

 factor in the spoilage of canned fruit in England. Typically the mold dis- 

 integrates the fruit tissue by attacking the pectinous substances. The 

 species is unusually resistant. The ascospores will withstand a tempera- 

 ture of 86-88°C. for 30 minutes, hence are viable at the end of many canning 



