MICROSCOPIC WORK ON THE STRUCTURE OF WOOD 213 



lowed. It is impossible to foretell explicitly the benefits which may arise from 

 a clearing away of the clouds hanging over this adjoining border land of 

 knowledge, but it is reasonably certain that benefits will result fully com- 

 mensurate with the expense of the task. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 



The following are some of the most important works referred to, in which 

 the entire subject in the two fields of knowledge is more or less covered. 



One of the earliest comprehensive works of this kind, and still a standard 

 in many ways, is that of Dr. H. Nordlinger, published in 1800, "Die Tech- 

 nischen Eigenschaften der Holzer, fiir Forst und Baubeamte, Technologen und 

 Gewerbtreibende." (The Technical Properties of Timber for Forest and Civil 

 Engineers, Technologists and Manufacturers.) For the mechanical proper- 

 ties Nordlinger relied largely upon the previous work of Chevandier and 

 Wertheim. He added a description of the anatomical structure of the various 

 species of wood with a view to explaining many of their properties from the 

 anatomy. He treated also upon their chemical and physical properties, in- 

 cluding durability and defects. A more recent publication by the same author 

 appeared in 1890: "Die Gewerblichen Eigenschaften der Holzer." (The In- 

 dustrial Properties of Timber.) 



Another work, in French, "Le Bois," was published by J. Beauverie in 1905. 

 In this work, which covers 1,400 pages, the attempt at extreme comprehen- 

 sivene.ss is made. Every phase of the subject of wood is gone into, from a bo- 

 tanical desci'iption of the trees to the manufactured products. Much space is 

 also given to insect and fungus enemies of the trees, and a description of the 

 forests of the world is given. A table is added grouping the woods by tlieir 

 anatomical structure and giving the uses. The work is really an encyclopedia 

 and is almost too comprehensive to be authoritative in any one line. 



"Die Forstbenutzung" (Forest Utilization), by Karl Gayer and Heinrich 

 Mayr was published in 1909 as a tenth edition. It contains 630 pages and also 

 covers a very wide range from the growth of the timber in the forest to its 

 ultimate use, including all by-products, even the soil. 



The works of Theodore and of Robert Hartig should be mentioned in this 

 connection, and also Lorey's "Handbuch der Forstwissenschaft," published in 

 1887 in three volumes, and recently a second edition in four volumes. 



In the way of descriptive material, the collection of actual wood sections 

 made by Dr. Nordlinger and published 1S521860, "Quer.schnitte von 100 Hol- 

 zarten" is worthy of record, and more recently, the similar and larger work 

 on "American Woods" by R. B. Hough. 



In English not very much of an extensive nature has appeared in this 

 line. One of the best works is by Boulger, entitled "Wood," of which the 2nd 

 edition was published in 1908. In this book a number of photomicrographs 

 are given of wood sections. "Timber and Timber Trees," by Laslett, 1S94, 

 touches uix)n the structure as an introduction to a description of the mechan- 

 ical properties of commercial woods. Herbert Stone, in his "Timbers of Com- 

 merce and their Identification" (190.j), goes so far as to show a slightly mag- 

 nified photograph of each species described. A publication by J. R. Baterden, 

 in 1908, entitled "Timber," gives a brief description of many commercial woods 

 but very little on the anatomy. 



One of the best publications in English, discussing the structure of wood 

 and its relation to its properties, is Forest Service Bulletin No. 10 by Filibert 

 Roth on "Timber," published in 1895. Bulletin 13, "The Southern Pines," by 

 Mohr and Roth, and Bulletin 22, "The White Pine," by Spaulding and Fer- 

 now, are also of value from this point of view. 



