282 AMERICAN FORESTRY 



but is not praised very highly by growers in Europe. According to Pursh, it 

 was introduced into this country very early for the production of basket 

 willow rods. Owing to the graceful character of its slender shoots and glau- 

 cous foliage it is often planted for ornamental purposes. 



Salix hractea rubra Koch. Red willow. The red brick colored scales of 

 the catkins of this variety at once distinguishes it from tlie common purple 

 willow that has black scales. It produces very long, straight and cylindrical 

 rods, and in England is esteemed very highly. It grows in almost any soil, but 

 in rich moist soil it yields an exceedingly heavy crop. It is used in certain 

 parts of Europe for game coverts and fences. The rods are used for making 

 willow ware requiring strength and durability. 



_ Salix purpurea emendata Hort.* Noble willow. This variety is also 

 easily recognized from the common purple willow by its thrifty growth and 

 slender rods. It is planted extensively in Germany and the rods are used 

 for all purposes in the manufacture of willow ware. 



Salix purpurea kerksii Hort.* English willow. The twisted leaves of 

 this willow furnish a character that makes it easy to be distinguished from 

 other varieties. Although this kind is equally as valuable as the noble 

 willow, it is more often used for fences and hedges than for the production 

 of basket rods. It produces numerous slender and branchless shoots after 

 the second year. 



Salix uralensis Hort.* Ural willow. This is a native of Galicia and is 

 considered equally as good as the English willow and produces in dry soil, or 

 in cold situations, a large number of very tough and slender rods. The 

 first year after planting the shoots spread out considerably, but during the 

 second year and thereafter they grow straight up to the "height of 10 feet 

 The rods are almost perfectly cylindrical and for this reason this variety is 

 often called cord or string willow. It has been grown in this country with 

 very good success. 



Salix uralensis serotina Hort.* Black Ural willow. In Europe this 

 variety is often referred to as the late Ural willow, since it matures later 

 and has smaller shoots than the Ural willow. It thrives in poor soils and 

 unfavorable situations, but in this country it has been planted with only 

 indifferent success. 



Salix purpurea glauca Hort.* Blue green stone willow. In moderately 

 fertile sandy soil this variety produces very thin and long rods which are in 

 great demand among manufacturers of fine basket ware. It matures later in 

 the fall than any of the other varieties and on this account is sometimes 

 injured by frosts. 



Salix purpurea gracilis Wimmer. Fine purple willow. This willow pro- 

 duces rods that are considered among the best in Europe, but the .shoots 

 frequently branch. It has been tested on a small scale in this country and 

 found to make excellent growth with no side branches. 



Salix purpurea pyramidalis Hort.** Pyramidal willow. In France where 

 the pyramid willow is most widely cultivated it is known as Belle Josephina 

 (Salix purpurea josephina). It is an excellent willow for hedges as well as for 

 basket willow rods. It has been cultivated in Germany for more than sixtv 

 years. 



Salix purpurea elata Hort.* High stone willow. This willow is known to 

 have yielded a very good crop the first year after planting. It occasionally 



* Horticultural varieties. 



**J. A. Krahe, in his "Lehrbuch," page 104, states that this variety must be regarded 

 as SaUx helix Smith, but without first seeing both male and female flowers this can not 

 be definitely determined. 



