SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT AND THE LUMBER INDUSTRY 725 



adaptable to logging and lumber manufacture, but the general principles under- 

 lying the schemes advocated by experts on scientific management contain many 

 helpful suggestions to those who are interested in developing their work to the 

 point of maximum efficiency. 



The management of every large lumber operation should have on file in 

 the office, detailed data regarding the title to the property, the character, 

 the amount, and condition of the timber; methods of logging adapted to the 

 region ; a scheme for fire protection, etc. This can best be secured by the 

 organization of a forest department in charge of a man capable of supervising 

 cruising, engineering and forestry work. If the size of your operation does 

 not warrant the establishment of the work on a permanent basis, experts can 

 always be secured at a reasonable cost. 



The high stumpage values of today call for more careful cruising than 

 has been the rule in the past. The owner should know not only the amount 

 of each merchantable species on his land, its location with reference to the 

 topography and outlet; but also should have accurate data about its quality. 

 A knowledge of the latter factor becomes more valuable with each increase 

 in the price of stumpage. 



Topographic maps are now considered an indispensible part of every 

 manager's equipment, by all who have been fortunate enough to have used 

 them. In a rolling or rough region they will save, in a short period, many 

 times their cost. 



Topographic maps are often made at the time of the timber cruise. They 

 should show the location of all streams, roads, trails, swamps, burned areas, 

 agricultural land, and the elevation of all points. On such maps are often 

 shown in colors, the stand per acre of the different species. The exact location 

 of all timber, the position of light and heavy stands, burns, etc., can be seen 

 at a glance. Accompanying this map should be a report on each logging 

 unit giving all data that is necessary for an intelligent understanding of the 

 problems involved in logging the area. 



The entire system of logging roads can be laid out in the office on such a 

 map, and a logger may know several years in advance where his main roads 

 can be located to best advantage; the mileage required and any special diffi- 

 culties that must be overcome. Careful planning of roads with reference 

 to logging the area as a whole effects a saving in logging costs by reducing the 

 amount of road building. 



A PRACTICAL DBMONSTATION 



The value of a map of this character was demonstrated during the spring 

 of 1909. The senior class of the Yale Forest School made a survey and pre- 

 pared a topographic map of a tract of 30,0()() acres in eastern Texas, in a 

 region where railroad location was not easy, because of the broken character 

 of the country. The engineer of the company about one year later was called 

 upon to build an eight-mile extension to the main line which was to pass over 



