272 TRANSACTIONS OF THE HORTICULTURAL 



later berries were dried up and unfit to market, the fruit on these 

 particular plants was carried through in good shape, the later 

 berries being fully as good as the first, and much superior to that 

 borne by any of the other plants not so treated . The new canes made 

 also a better and healthier growth, and they withstood the winds 

 and the storms in good shape. The regular cutting back of grow- 

 ing canes has been my practice, sometimes the lateral branches 

 being stopped; or cut back, also. This refers to the Black Caps. 

 The following varieties of black raspberries are the best for 

 this county, so far as tested: Mammoth Cluster and Gregg. The 

 Doolittle is very hardy and early, but the fruit is not long enough 

 in season, the first few pickings being very good, the balance too 

 small to gather. 



The following varieties of red raspberries are used here: The 

 variety on my grounds is the Cuthbert, and it has proved entirely 

 satisfactory, being a large berry, productive, and sells readily, 

 making its cultivation very profitable. The plants have with- 

 stood the winters' cold and summers' heat very satisfactorily, and 

 produced very fine crops of excellent fruit, which I have sold 

 readily in our home market at profitable prices. The Thwack 

 variety and Shaffer's Colossal have proved good and reliable on 

 the grounds of Mr. Rowley. The Turner is early and produc- 

 tive, but rather soft for market, and has been injured in this 

 locality by cold and drouth. 



In my opinion, the best manure for the raspberry is good, 

 clean cultivation on good soil. I do not think it advisable to 

 disturb the plants by any pruning or cutting out of old wood at 

 the close of the fruiting season. The land should be occasionally 

 cultivated by shallow plowing, but no late stirring of the soil is to 

 be done, as it induces too soft a growth for the plants to go into 

 winter with safety. The old wood, I think, should not be taken 

 out until early spring. Cutting back the canes should, in my 

 opinion, be deferred until the new growth has started in the 

 spring. Cultivation by the plow should be shallow, not too close 

 to the row, and the land left flat as possible. 



DISCUSSION. 



Prof. Burrill — There is a general complaint of the failure of 

 raspberries. They often leaf out and bloom, and then wither 

 and die. Some of our growers have supposed that it was caused 

 by drouth, but we have the same loss in wet seasons. We often 

 find brown spots on the leaves and young canes; this is a fungus, 

 and the spores germinate very rapidly, especially in damp, foggy 

 weather. I am not sure that this is the cause of the difficulty, 

 but suspect that it may be. 



