314 TRANSACTIONS OF THE HORTICULTURAL 



Jabez Webster, of Centralia, as reported in the Ohio Experi- 

 ment Station Bulletin, observed that one. pound of London 

 Purple to 100 gallons of water was too strong for some varieties 

 of apple, and that it would kill the peach or plum. One pound 

 to 160 gallons he considered safe for these latter fruits, and effi- 

 cient if twice applied. 



Of the dry application Riley finds one pound of Paris Green 

 to thirty of the dry diluent as efficient as the stronger mixtures. 



APPARATUS. 



In the College Bulletin, No. 53, published in 1889, Prof. Cook 

 especially recommends as a cheap and excellent pump, a brass 

 hand force pump, sold for 82 by Mr. J. K. Compton, Leslie, 

 Mich., too small for orchards, it serves very well for a few trees 

 or garden use. For a large orchard he says, in 1888 that he 

 knows no pump comparable with the Victor Field Force Pump, 

 a geared machine running by horse power, and capable of being 

 attached to the hind wheel of any wagon. This pump costs 830, 

 and is made by the Field Force Pump Company of Lockport, N. 

 Y. Their smaller pump, the Perfection, selling for 812, is prac- 

 tically known to many of you. Both these pumps keep the mix- 

 ture stirred automatically by pumping back a small stream into 

 the barrel through a separate tube. Cook rejects the Cyclone 

 Nozzle so generally recommended by the U. S. Department of 

 Agriculture, because the spray is not thrown with sufficient 

 force. He recommends, particularly, the Nixon Nozzle, and the 

 Graduating Spraying Nozzle sold with the Field Force Pump. 



Dr. Riley describes at length and figures, 1887, in a bulletin, 

 entitled "Our Shade Trees and their Insect Defoliators," the 

 apparatus used by the Agricultural Department in their experi- 

 ments, and especially recommends, on another page, the Nixon 

 Nozzle as being better adapted to very high trees than their 

 Cyclone pattern. All speak of the Nixon pumps as thoroughly 

 well made and serviceable. At the Ohio Station, Weed has 

 found the "Perfection" pump, already referred to, worthy of 

 special mention. The "Climax" pump, of the Nixon Company, he 

 finds a good practical machine. Gillette, of Iowa, says of a pump 

 sold by W. M. Johnson, Wilmot, Ohio, for 82 and 82.50, that it 

 is a very satisfactory instrument where light spraying is needed, 

 as in greenhouses or on low out-door plants and bushes. The 

 Victor pump, already mentioned, does excellent work by horse 

 power for extensive operations as in large orchards. It will 

 spray one side of a row of trees as fast as a horse can walk, 

 though if the trees are large, it may be found necessary to go 

 twice on each side. The graduating nozzle is to be chosen 

 instead of the "Boss." The Nixon field machine, he has found 

 similarly serviceable for work on a large scale, and their barrel 

 machine he considers the best he has ever tried for spraying 



