320 TRANSACTIONS OF TiLE HORTICULTURAL 



thorough work with the spraying engine, the long recommended 

 practices of daily gathering and destroying the fallen fruit, and 

 of trapping and destroying the larva? and moths by all possible 

 means must still be made use of; and these not only by the in- 

 terested orchardist himself but also by his neighbors, else is his 

 own work but partly repaid. 



Plum. Cook's reports concerning the plum have varied from 

 year to year, his latest announcement being that Paris Green 

 only should be used for fear of damage to the foliage, but that 

 this would probably be ineffective if very frequent rains occur, 

 requiring then, at best, to be so often repeated that cheaper and 

 better protection may be had by the jarring method. 



Weed makes a somewhat different report saying, that in 1888 

 trees sprayed four times with London Purple were almost free 

 from curculio injury, hanging so full that the fruit was arti- 

 ficially thinned to prevent their breaking; while a large propor- 

 tion of the plums on the check trees were destroyed. Further 

 experiments another year led him to conclude that a sufficient- 

 ly large proportion of the plum crop can be saved to insure a 

 good yield when a fair amount of fruit is set. Check trees in 

 1889, for example, did not bring a single plum to maturity, 

 while those sprayed with a pound of London Purple to 160 gal- 

 lons of water, and again, twice with a combination of London 

 Purple and the Bordeaux mixture yielded an immense crop, the 

 fruit being purposely thinned fifty per cent, on many of the 

 trees, and then being so plentiful tnat the limbs bent to the 

 ground or broke. 



Cherry. Cook reports in general terms a successful experiment 

 with cherries, made in 1888; but Weed in 1888-9 worked much 

 more extensively on that fruit than has any other entomologist. 

 Owing to frequent rains, he made three applications of a London 

 Purple mixture — one pound to 160 gallons of water. Examining 

 24,000 cherries from the treated trees and as many from those not 

 treated, he found that seventy-five per cent, of the loss which 

 would otherwise have occurred from the curculio had been pre- 

 vented by the London Purple, followed by a combination of the 

 London Purple and Bordeaux mixture — as already mentioned. 



ACCIDENTAL POISONING. 



It is well understood by orchardists that the deadly poisons here 

 discussed must be used with a certain caution. The spray or 

 powder should always be thrown with the wind, and it is well to 

 handle the apparatus with gloves, particularly if the soluble 

 poisons are usea. Analyses were made for Weed, in Ohio, by the 

 chemist of the State University. Two quarts of cherries sprayed 

 with London Purple three weeks before, were carefully picked 

 and thoroughly washed and the substances washed off were tested 

 for arsenic; but no trace of it could be found. It is worthy of 



